Previously, we have covered the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty, but Japan and the Soviet Union have also exchanged the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty and the Soviet-Japanese Joint Declaration.
Knowing the relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union in modern history also leads to modern relationships.
This time, the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty is a treaty that defines the basic relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union. I would like to write about.
What is the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty?
October 1925 (Taisho 14) The treaty that stipulates the basic relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union is called the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty. Japanese Takaaki Kato Prime Minister and Soviet leader, Stalin Was concluded by.
In actual practice, Foreign Minister Kijuro Shidehara and Soviet foreign affairs officers proceeded to conclude a treaty with Karahan.
Contents of the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty
- Place diplomats in each other's countries and establish diplomatic relations
- Do not interfere with each other's internal affairs
- The Treaty of Portsmouth is also valid with the Soviet Union
- Japan acquires the oil and coal development rights of North Sakhalin
Was included, and after the treaty was signed, Japan withdrew troops from North Sakhalin.
Relations between Japan and Russia
Russo-Japanese War After that, we didn't feel like signing an agreement immediately after we had a grudge against each other, but as time went by, we approached each other and signed several agreements, establishing a sphere of influence for each other and building an effective relationship. I did.
However, that relationship will also be broken.
1917 Russian Revolution Happened.
At that time, the Russian Revolution was an inconvenient event for Japan, which had joined the Allies because of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. The Allies send troops to Siberia for the Heimosodat of the Russian Revolution.
Japan had an agreement with Russia, but with the involvement of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, it participated in the Siberian troops to restore territorial ambitions and the interests lost after the Russo-Japanese War.
However, the battle was prolonged for five years, and Japan invested a huge amount of war expenses and humans, but there was little to gain and the worst result.
Conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty
Kijuro Shidehara, a diplomat of the time, will move to conduct coordinated diplomacy and conclude a basic treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union. Coordinated diplomacy refers to diplomacy that is carried out in cooperation with other countries through repeated discussions.
To talk, we have to find a compromise with each other.
However, since Japan was in good shape at this time, many people opposed such weak diplomacy, and after the May 15 Incident, hard-line diplomacy was carried out by the military.
Reason for signing the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty
At that time, there was a reason why Japan had to conclude a treaty with the Soviet Union.
Economic reason
The biggest reason on the Japanese side was economic, and the town on the Sea of Japan side traded with the Soviet Primorskaya Oblast, but the relationship with the Soviet Union had deteriorated and it was not possible to do so. Also, I was fishing on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in Hokkaido, but I was often disturbed by the Soviet side, and there were many complaints from fishermen.
At the private level, the effects of worsening relations with the Soviet Union began to appear, and domestic public opinion began to emerge asking us to do something about this situation, and the situation could not be ignored by the government.
Soviet Union advance into China
Around this time, the Soviet Union gradually began to show stability and gradually began to look from the inside to the outside. In that, the Soviet Union begins to seek cooperation with China.
In that case, the rights acquired in the Russo-Japanese War in Manchuria could be threatened.
Under these circumstances, the opinion that a treaty should be concluded began to appear, and the movement toward the conclusion of the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty began.
Conflict between capitalism and socialism
In the world, two ways of thinking were at odds with each other over the structure of society and the economy.
Capitalism made in Europe and America So, it was a mechanism to develop the economy by guaranteeing the property of individuals and companies and pursuing profits. However, on the other hand, the power of capitalists was strong, and the power of paid workers was weak.
Workers can be good or bad in a word of their employer, the capitalist, so they had to put up with low wages and work.
It was the Russian Revolution that gathered such workers and defeated the emperors, aristocrats, and capitalists. That's how it was.
Its leader, Lenin, is socialist I will make use of this idea in building a country.
As I wrote in the previous article, socialism aims to create a society where everyone can obtain equal wealth by sharing the means of production such as land and factories with the whole society and preventing someone from monopolizing them.
In fact, Lenin takes land from aristocrats and landowners.
The success of the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union have had a great impact on those who criticize the idea of capitalism in the world, and its activities have become more active. The capitalist nations of the world feared that their nation would also be revolutionized.
As a result, few countries showed friendship with the Soviet Union.
Enactment of the Peace Preservation Law
Japan was one of those countries, but for the above reasons, it signed the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty.
Peace Preservation Law after the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty was signed so that Japan would not become a socialist idea. Was enacted.
The content prohibits the formation of an organization whose purpose is to change the national system or deny private property. If we allow the country to change its system, something like the Russian Revolution may occur in Japan.
The government was worried that if such a revolution occurred, the Emperor would be overthrown and the Japanese society created under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan would collapse.
The government thought that by enacting the Peace Preservation Law, even if people affected by the Soviet Union enter Japan after concluding the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty, it will be possible to prevent activities that would cause a revolution. is.
Japan-Soviet relations after the Soviet-Japanese Basic Treaty
When Japan created Manchuria in 1931, the Soviet Union did not admit it.
The Soviet Union, which wants to expand into China, and Japan, which wants to protect the interests of Manchuria, were still in a tense state even after the treaty was signed. In fact, there are a number of battles between the Kwantung Army and the Soviet Army in Manchuria.
The biggest battle is the Battle of Khalkhin is.
In this battle, Japan, which was at a disadvantage, began to take its own weight invading the Soviet territory.
After this incident, both Japan and the Soviet Union became extreme and Germany began to invade the Soviet Union ...
After that, I wrote in the article of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty, so please refer to it.