Kamakura Shogunate authority Is a important position to assist the general and govern affairs That is as I wrote in other articles. During the Minamoto no Yoritomo era, the position of authority was not so important because it was a shogun's dictatorship.
However, when Yoritomo died, his wife, Hojo Masako The Hojo administration will be established within the Kamakura Shogunate by burying his own children and grandchildren.
The reason why Masako aimed for the Hojo administration from the Genji administration is to maintain her own power, not to the Hojo Soke. As evidence, Masako is a parent Hojo Tokimasa Because even they are banished.
Aside from the introduction, Kamakura Shogunate after Yoritomo's death In Mandokoro Betto Is called authority, and the first government office Betto is Oe Hiromoto . was. There are pros and cons to making this Hiromoto the first authority, but " Mandokoro Betto If you pay attention to the position, you can understand Mr. Hojo's behavior after Yoritomo's death.
So, this time, let's see how Mr. Hojo seized power while tracing the successive authority of the Kamakura Shogunate.
First authority Hojo Tokimasa and Kamakura Shogunate established
Minamoto no Yoritomo Wife, Masako Hojo Father, Tokimasa Governed the Hojo region of Izu Province.
1180 Tokimasa himself also set out to support Minamoto no Yoritomo when Taira's pursuit approached the eastern country.
Genpei War Ended 1185 In addition, Tokimasa Hojo, who was ordered by Minamoto no Yoritomo, led a soldier to Kyo and succeeded in getting the imperial court to approve the establishment of a guardian and a priest. [ Bunji's royal license ]
1199 When Minamoto no Yoritomo died, Minamoto no Yoriie Will be the second shogun, but in order to stop the dictatorship of the shogun, [ a consensus system of 13 shukuro ] Was launched, Hojo Tokimasa Thirteen people, including the one in the shogunate, were listed as the central figures of the shogunate.
When Minamoto no Yoriie became a shogun, the dissatisfaction of the influential gokenins who had been suppressed during his tenure in Yoritomo exploded, and Samurai-dokoro Kajiwara Kagetoki was defeated ( Kajiwara Kagetoki's change . ) And 1203 Hiki who began to have power as a consort kin of the shogunate Will be destroyed, and Shogun Yoriie's own general position will be abolished and expelled. ( Hiki Yoshikazu's change )
Thus Hojo Tokimasa Exiled the influential gokenins of the shogunate and even the shogun, and espoused Yoriie's younger brother to the shogun, Oe no Hiromoto . Along with that, he was appointed to the government office, but his authority was higher than that of Hiromoto, and he had established a tyranny in the shogunate.
Hiromoto Oe and Tokimasa Hojo The first sovereignty debate seems to be pondered by whether or not he had tyrannical power.
The territory has been expanded even while the influential staff members have been kicked down in this way. A consensus system of 13 shukuro Mr. Hojo, who was a small family before, was also Miura and Hatakeyama by this time. Shigetada Hatakeyama to expand the power of Musashi Province I fought with.
Hatakeyama Shigetada's Ran Was won, but innocent Shigetada Hatakeyama / Shigeyasu His son-in-law, Ichijo Sanemasa, was murdered and his son-in-law was murdered, and his real child, Hojo Masako, Yoshitoki's sister and brother He was priestly priest and was banished from Kamakura.
Hojo Tokimasa's policies and events
- Going to Kyo and requesting protection and installation of Jito [Bunji's permission]
- A consensus system of 13 shukuro is established, and Tokimasa Hojo is listed.
- Eliminate influential gokenins due to changes in Kajiwara Kagetoki and Hiki Yoshikazu
- As a result, he was appointed to the government office and has more power than Hiromoto Oe .
Assassination of the Shogun by Hojo Yoshitoki, the second-generation authority
Hojo Tokimasa After Hatakeyama Shigetada's rebellion, his second son, Yoshitoki, expelled his father and said, " Mandokoro Betto ".
After that, he destroyed Yoshimori Wada, who was a Samurai-dokoro, and his job was " Samurai-dokoro . Also serves as. From then on, Mandokoro Betto and Samurai Betto concurrent The one who does it This position will be inherited by the Hojo Tokusou family.
Hojo Yoshitoki The biggest incident in this era was the assassination of Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo is.
When Genji's blood died due to the assassination in the morning, Emperor Go-Toba Is Hojo Yoshitoki Subjugation Inzen Jokyu War Happened. The first battle between the samurai government and the imperial court in Japan will remain in posterity as a samurai who defeated the imperial court by force, even after the victory of Hojo Yoshitoki on the samurai government side.
On the other hand, after the defeat, Emperor Go-Toba was swept away by the Oki Islands, and after that, the shogunate went to Kyoto to watch the imperial court Rokuhara Tandai . Was established and became a major influence on the succession to the throne, and the political system led by the Shogunate was solidified.
As a result, Mr. Hojo, who had power on behalf of the shogun, will continue to have substantial control of the Kamakura Shogunate for more than 100 years.
Due to the assassination of Minamoto no Sanetomo, the fourth shogun was greeted by Yoritsune Fujiwara, and for a while Sekke Shogun Will continue.
Hojo Yoshitoki Policy
- Hereditary authority over the Hojo Tokusou family
- Minamoto no Sanetomo assassination
- Establishment of politics of authority by the victory of Jokyu War
- Installation of Rokuhara Tandai
Goseibai Shikimoku established by Yasutoki Hojo, the third generation sovereignty
Hojo Yoshitoki's eldest son, Yasutoki When his aunt Masako Hojo died, he moved the Kamakura Shogunate since Minamoto no Yoritomo to Tsujiko Utsumiya to carry out his affairs.
Rensho and Hyōjōshū to speed up trials We set up the Hojo clan and laid the foundations for the Hojo clan system in earnest. In addition, since there were frequent disputes over the newly appointed Jito income after the Jokyu War, Yasutoki Hojo asked a lawyer in Kyoto to unify based on the sound common sense of the samurai society. Created the code of samurai society.
This was the samurai code "Goseibai Shikimoku" (Sadanaga Shikimoku).
This Goseibai Shikimoku Is the first samurai code in Japan, and it is almost always learned at school, so I made it with Yasutoki Hojo and 1232 . It's a good idea to remember how much it was established.
In his later years, he worked as a coordinator for famine, former aristocrats, temples and shrines, and Jito and Gokenin, and as the founder of the Hojo clan of the Kamakura Shogunate, he has left his name as the prestigious authority of this era.
Hojo Yasutoki's policy
- Establishment of co-signature
- Setting up a rating group
- Goseibai Shikimoku
- Response to Kanki Famine
Fourth generation authority Hojo Tsunetoki
Yasutoki Hojo His grandson time because his child died early Became the fourth generation authority.
In this era, Sekke Shogun Kujo Yoritsune rebelled against the Hojo clan in an attempt to seize power. Therefore, over time, he dismissed Shogun Yoritsune and made Yoritsugu Fujiwara a shogun. However, because the former Shogun Yoritsune stayed in Kamakura and continued to assist the fifth Shogun, he made a plan to expel Yoritsune, but failed.
With all these efforts, he handed over his authority to his younger brother, Tokiyori.
Godai Shikken Hojo Tokiyori's exclusive sect
Hojo Tokiyori Succeeded in eradicating the rebels by striving to expel his older brother, Yoritsune, from Kamakura, following his will. Furthermore, the influential Gokenin Miura Yasumura was destroyed, and Shogun Yoritsugu Fujiwara was also banished. Prince Munetaka, Prince of Emperor Gosaga As a general Did.
After that, the shogun was born from the Miyake from the 6th to the 9th generation, and succeeded in justifying the existence of the shogunate as a bridge between the Kamakura shogunate and the imperial court.
In this way, Tokiyori concentrated on the Hojo Soke, and at that time he was Tokusou . ], So the above political system is Tokusou monopoly politics Was called.
In addition, on the political front, a hikitsuke has been set up under the appraisers to further speed up the trial. The lawsuits and political fairness have been promoted, and policies such as shortening the service period of the Kyoto Daiban'yaku have been set out.
Hojo Tokiyori's policy
- Miya riot
- Houji Battle (destroy Miura)
- General King
- Hikitsuke
- Laws against merchants
Middle reliever from 6th to 8th generation, Hojo Nagatoki, Masamura
1256 until the child of Tokiyori Hojo, the child of the fifth generation, became an adult because he was a child 6th generation authority ・ Hojo Nagatoki Will take office. The real power was held by Tokiyori when he was sick.
But 1264 When Nagato went to bed, his uncle Hojo Masamura took control of the 7th generation. Was inaugurated and handed over to Yatsushiro Shikken, Hojo Tokimune.
Yatsushiro Shikken Hojo Tokimune and Mongol invasion
After the middle reliever of the 6th and 7th generations, Ji-shu of the Hojo Tokusou family became the authority.
1266 In Japan, Prince Munetaka was deposed and repatriated to Kyoto with the aim of overthrowing the Shogunate, and Prince Koreyasu was espoused. Around this time, he was a young man, so he was in a position of authority under the joint name of the 7th Masamura, but 1268 In the year of fate, Goryeo sent a national book to Dazaifu asking for obedience to Mongolia.
In this year he officially inherited the 8th sovereignty and two Mongol invasions Will be experienced.
https://rekisi-daisuki.com/entry/2017-11-04-231645
1274 as a result of continuing to ignore national books from the Mongol Empire The former army invaded Japan ( Bun'ei's role ) ) Outbreak. With the success of the Gokenins, we will succeed in dismissing the strongest former army on the continent. After that, in preparation for further attacks, foreign police guard Nagato Tandai and Nagato Keigo ban Is newly installed.
Furthermore, the stone base that still remains in Hakata Bay. We made an effort to strengthen national defense such as making.
1281 The second Mongol invasion ( Battle of Koan In), under the direction of Hojo Tokimune, the Gokenins were dispatched to the battlefield and fought well. After nearly two months of offense and defense, the former army was confused by the damage of the typhoon and was destroyed by the total attack of the Japanese army.
In this way, Hojo Tokimune repelled the two invasions of Mongolia, but he died at the young age of 32 in 1284 due to the accumulation of rewards for his family and the defense problems of the further invasion of the Yuan dynasty. ..
Hojo Tokimune's policy
- The role of Bun'ei
- The role of Koan
Postwar processing of Hojo Sadatoki and Mongol invasion
Sadatoki Hojo Will perform the post-processing of the Mongol invasion on behalf of his father, Ji-shu, as the 9th generation authority. However, the administration is not stable, and the inner territory's Taira no Yoritsuna extends its power, and the influential gokenin Adachi Yasumori is destroyed by the praise. [ Shimotsuki Incident ]
After that, the terrorist politics of Taira no Yoritsuna started, but Sadatoki Hojo killed Yoritsuna and regained the authority system (Tokusou monopoly politics). [ Hei Zenmon Incident ]
Then, in 1297, Eijin's Tokusei Ordinance was to rescue the small and medium-sized gokenins who suffered from the huge military expenditures of the Mongol invasion. However, this has the effect of making it harder to borrow money, and it will hurt the gokenin.
Hojo Sadatoki's policy
- Shimotsuki Incident
- Hei Zenmon Incident
- Eijin's Tokuseirei
Hojo Sadatoki-High time middle reliever
Kyudai Shikken Hojo Sadatoki in 1301 Hojo Morotoki I gave it to.
After that, the authority was Munenobu, Hojo, Mototoki . After that, Hojo Takatoki was appointed to the 14th generation.
From the 14th generation Hojo Takatoki to the last authority
Hojo Takatoki Is the fourth son of Sadatoki and becomes the authority at the age of 14, but the actual authority is held by the inner jurisdiction, Enki Nagasaki, and it was almost formal. However, because he was ill, he resigned from his post at the age of 24, and in 1326, Hojo Sadaaki . Becomes the 15th generation authority.
However, the internal conflict between Mr. Nagasaki and Mr. Adachi Consort kin over the battle for the family reign of the Hojo clan, Kakei turmoil Will resign in just over 10 days.
After that, 16th sovereignty Hojo Moritoki Was inaugurated, and this is the last authority of the Kamakura Shogunate have become.
Then, due to Nitta Yoshisada's attack on Kamakura on May 22, 1333, the Hojo clan, including Tokusou Hojo Takatoki, broke himself at Tosho-ji Temple and the Kamakura Shogunate was destroyed.
After Kamakura, the birthplace of the Shogunate ...
After that, Kamakura was the Shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, Ashikaga Takauji . Child, Motoi Ruled the Kanto area as Kamakura Koga. As an assistant, Kanto Kanrei Will be set up and will be hereditary by Mr. Uesugi for generations.
However, when the Onin War broke out, Ashikaga's power in the Kanto region weakened, and the power of the Kanto region became stronger, advancing into the Warring States period. Around that time, Mr. Gohojo (Hojo, who is different from Mr. Hojo) came to rule the Kanto area, and the land of Kamakura, which was the center of politics, would decline.
https://rekisi-daisuki.com/entry/2017-11-15-203402