During the Warring States period, Mr. Hojo ruled the Kanto region, which was based in Odawara Castle.
Speaking of Mr. Hojo, successive authority in the Kamakura period Also Mr. Hojo However, it was a blood relationship far from the Sengoku daimyo Hojo, and it is distinguished from a completely different thing, so for convenience [ Gohojo ] It seems that it is often said. * I will write here as Mr. Hojo.
1495 , First Hojo Soun to create an ideal country in the Kanto region Is from Izu Nirayama Odawara Castle Based in. Since then, for five generations in 100 years, Odawara Castle has invited many human resources as a base for Mr. Hojo, developed an industry, and has steadily expanded its power even though it is adjacent to the territory of the powerful countries Imagawa, Uesugi, and Takeda. rice field.
History of Godai and Gohojo
Mr. Hojo,
- First generation, Sakumo
- Second generation, Ujitsu
- Third generation Ujiyasu
- 4th generation Ujimasa
- 5th generation, Mr. Ujinao
It will continue the history until Hideyoshi's subjugation of Odawara in 1590.
Second generation, Ujitsu lays the foundation for Kanto rule , Third generation Ujiyasu Arranges domestic affairs in Kanto , Prospered. The momentum for Hideyoshi's unification of the world has increased, and the 4th generation, Ujimasa, and the 5th generation, Ujinao, have completed impregnable Odawara Castle in preparation for Hideyoshi. However, after being surrounded by a large army of 180,000 by Hideyoshi, Odawara Castle will open at the end of 100 days of siege.
Today, I would like to write about the history of the 5th generation of Mr. Hojo, who ruled the Kanto region during the Warring States period.
[1st generation] Hojo Soun (Ise Shinkuro)
Recent studies have revealed that Hojo Soun is a family that holds an important position in the Muromachi Shogunate.
By comparing the letters of the Shogunate and the letters related to Suruga Province, [ Ise Shinkuro Morito ] Is Hojo Soun It was clarified.
1487 After that, Suruga's Imagawa Served in 1493 Exile Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa's nephew Chachamaru from Horikoshi Gosho or advance to Izu. As a result, Sakumo, who became the Sengoku daimyo who ruled Izu Izu, was 1495 . We recommend soldiers to Sagami Odawara and settle Sagami Ichikoku.
Hojo's first owner and first Sengoku daimyo It is also famous as.
It is very significant as the beginning of the shogunate that a person who was an official of the shogunate worked on the blood of the shogun. It is said to be the first Sengoku daimyo of this era because it did not become a guardian even though it controlled Izu and Sagami Province.
[2nd generation] Hojo Ujitsuna
* Tiger red stamp
His firstborn, Ujitsu, bases to Odawara Castle after the death of Sayamo. I'm moving.
Hojo surname also gives his name from Ujitsu It is also believed that this was to claim that he was the successor to Mr. Hojo, who has a close relationship with the Kanto region. Mr. Gohojo's famous tiger red seal Created and laid the foundation for Mr. Hojo in the Kanto region. The territory is also Musashi, Suruga, Shimosa It expanded to and established the position of the lord of the eastern nation.
His father, Sakumo, and his child, Ujiyasu, are famous and the shadow is thin and inconspicuous, but the formation of a vassal corps and the epoch-making rule of the territory had a great influence on the development of Mr. Hojo.
[ Hojoki ] But [ Ujitsu was good at protecting his father and serving as a successor ] And has received high praise.
[Third generation] Hojo Ujiyasu
Third generation, Ujiyasu Is a famous person who also has Bunbu, Shingen Takeda, Kenshin Uesugi, Yoshimoto Imagawa He was such a great general that he had never lost even if he fought with him. In addition, because of his morality, he often raised the house law, so he settled the war in the eight Kanto countries on behalf of Ujiyasu and greatly raised the name of the Hojo clan. It is said that his excellent achievements deserved to be a master of ancient times.
On the domestic side, large-scale kenchi And tax reform In addition, the system of territorial rule was put in place in earnest, such as grasping the burden of military service of vassals.
1546 Kawagoe Battle will make Ujiyasu's name known to By defeating the Uesugi clan, Yamauchi and Ogiya were eliminated from the Kanto region, and their sphere of influence expanded to Ueno.
[4th generation] Hojo Ujimasa
Ujiyasu's achievements are too great, or because of the defeat of Odawara's attack, he is often treated as foolish, mediocre, and gerontocracy, but he was also a great general without losing to his predecessor.
Ujimasa succeeded his family in 1560 during his lifetime.
Kenshin Uesugi in 1561 and Shingen Takeda in 1569 Is repelling when he attacks Odawara. In addition, he is attacking the territory of Uesugi, Takeda, and Satake and has succeeded in expanding the territory.
The main achievement is
- Kenshin Uesugi, Shingen Takeda, Yoshishige Satake and shaving to maximize the territory
- Repel the Oda clan Kanto commander, Kazumasu Takigawa
- Manage the vassals by collecting the Odawara Shushushosho
- Economic policies such as lightening the annual tribute and enriched by the administration
- Even in this era, there was no conflict between the brothers because the brothers were so good.
Ujimasa also learned from his father, and while he was still alive, he handed over the family reign to his firstborn son, Mr. Ujinao, and was in control as a great man. However, due to the defeat of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attack on Odawara in 1590, he was harassed.
[Fifth generation] Hojo Ujinao
Takeda / Hojo / Imakawa Triple Alliance Was born as the second son of Hojo Ujimasa.
1580 Inherit his reign during his lifetime.
1582 In the meantime, Mr. Takeda was destroyed, and Nobunaga Oda died at Honnoji Temple.
Until Hideyoshi's subjugation of Odawara, he told him to sail smoothly, but after attacking Odawara, he was banished to Mt. Koya and died the following year.
In this way, the Kanto rule by Mr. Hojo for about 100 years will end.
Mr. Hojo's 100-year amazing Hitoshi
It is surprising that Mr. Hojo has not had any internal conflicts such as the rebellion of the territory or the betrayal of the clan for 100 years when he ruled the Odawara region.
That amazing policy is ...
- Tokuseirei on a territorial scale in the event of a major earthquake
- Tax reform that unified the taxation that had a bad reputation with "four public and six people" and reduced it as a result
- Installation of a "guide box" that anyone in the territory, including farmers, can file a direct complaint
- Currency is unified into Yongle Tongba for the first time in the Warring States period
- Land inspection and equal taxation
- Masu is decided to be Masu Harahara of Totomi and the weights and measures in the territory are equalized
- We will also establish a "post-horse system", which is a transportation system for transporting messengers and supplies by horse.
With such a policy, he had been in charge for 100 years.
History of Odawara Castle
Odawara Castle was a mountain castle built on Mt. Yawata by Mr. Omori, who ruled this area during the Muromachi period. In terms of time, it is believed that it was made in the middle of the 15th century.
Since Hojo Soun advanced to Odawara at the end of the 15th century, Mr. Hojo has expanded his power in the Kanto region for about 100 years. Odawara Castle was developed and expanded as a central base for Kanto rule, and in preparation for Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion, the scale of Odawara Castle reached its maximum with the emergence of a total length of 9 km surrounding the castle.
However, Mr. Hojo was destroyed by Hideyoshi's attack on Odawara in 1590, and the Warring States period was over, and Hideyoshi's world was unified.
After the fall of Hojo, when Ieyasu ruled the Kanto region, Odawara Castle was ruled by Ieyasu's vassal, Okubo, and the former castle was renovated into a modern castle.
Shortly after the Edo Shogunate was opened, Mr. Okubo was reformed and the castle was destroyed, but when Mr. Inaba entered the castle, it was redeveloped and the appearance of the castle was renewed.
1686 Okubo became the lord of the castle again, and Odawara Castle reached the end of the Tokugawa shogunate as the cornerstone of the Kanto region's defense ahead of the Hakone Sekisho on the Tokaido.
1870 (Meiji 3) after the Meiji Restoration The castle was abandoned and many buildings were demolished. On the site, it became the location of Odawara, Ashigara Prefectural Office, and Kanagawa Prefectural Office, and in 1891, an imperial villa was built in Ninomaru.
However, 1923 (Taisho 12) Due to the Great Kanto Earthquake, the Imperial Villa and the stone wall were completely destroyed and their appearance was lost.
1934 (Showa 9) There is a corner turret in 1960 (Showa 35) The long-awaited castle tower was rebuilt in 90 years since the castle was abandoned. Then 1971 (Showa 46) Tokiwa Kimon was completed in 1997, Copper Gate was completed in 1997, and Umadashimon was completed in 2009.