This time Iwakura Tomomi I will introduce you.
Mr. Gumi's name is famous, isn't it?
He is a person who almost always appears in the works drawn from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji era.
However, when it comes to "what did you do?", There are quite a lot of "?"
So, this time, I will briefly introduce Mr. Tomomi Iwakura, who is also a portrait of the old 500-yen coin.
He is a great person because he is selected as a bill.
Iwakura Tomomi, who was a low-ranking official!
1825 , Lord ・ Born as the second son of the Horikawa family.
He was a floating child with no appearance or wording.
The Confucian scholar of the imperial court, Nobuaki Fushihara Is "a big person" I was recommending adoption to the Iwakura family.
Around 13 years old , I was adopted by the Iwakura family and received the name of "Gumi" from Mr. Fushihara ..
The status was strict in the public family society, and the Iwakura family was a new family that had just been separated in the Edo period, so the rank and official position were not high.
Around 28 years old , Five regents One of Takashi Getting started with kado at home is a great opportunity to speak to the imperial court.
Being involved in the Sonno Joi movement, he is going to dispose of his residence!
The 88th Sir Retsu (Kyore-san) incident!
1858 , American Harris Is disadvantageous to Japan "Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Commerce" I will ask you to conclude.
Shogunate Rōjū Hotta Masayoshi Takaaki Emperor I will visit Kyoto to get from.
Many officials, including Mr. Iwakura, opposed the treaty and protested with 88 lords in this case. The pun is good, isn't it?
Kampaku who was in favor of Kujo Hisatada They called it ill and did not appear on the spot. Am I the only one who thinks that using a false illness is like a public house?
Due to such an incident, Emperor Komei did not give permission to the treaty.
It was the first political activity for Mr. Iwakura.
Ansei Purge and Sakuradamon Incident!
But only 3 months later , Elder, Naosuke Ii The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States will be concluded by Mr.
The furious Emperor Komei gave a secret order to the Mito Domain. This is " Yang Earth Horse " Secret It's called. Naosuke-san was assassinated ...
In response, Naosuke, the former Mito feudal lord who came to protest, Nariaki Tokugawa Sanya Fukui feudal lord, Matsudaira Yoshinaga Mr., and later General Tokugawa Yoshinobu Ichihashi We dismissed San and others and suppressed those who criticized the Shogunate. "Ansei Purge" is not it.
Mr. Gumi, who was afraid of the deterioration of the relationship between the imperial court and the shogunate, was the shogunate side of Kyoto Shoshidai . ・ Sakai Tadaaki He talks with San and others and tries to harmonize with them, but this is regarded as a shogunate-oriented attitude, and he later strangles himself.
March 1860 , Naosuke is assassinated after being attacked by the Mito Dappan Ronin and others. Will occur. "Sakuradamon Incident" is.
When Naosuke disappeared, " Kobu " tried to restore the relationship between the imperial court (public house) and the shogunate (samurai). Coalescence " The faction will be revived in the shogunate.
The antonym of "Kobu Gattai" is often heard in the late Tokugawa period " Sonno Joi " is not it.
It is regarded as a samurai sect, and is regarded as an enemy by the revered sect and is defeated!
The shogunate, whose authority has fallen to the ground due to the active movement of the revered king, is the sister of Emperor Komei, Wamiya . And Tokugawa 14th Shogun, Tokugawa Iemochi bride with The only way to overcome this is to rely on.
Marriage means that a princess or the like marries a man other than the royal family. It's a so-called political marriage.
Mr. Wamiya had already refused because it had been decided to put her in, but it is Mr. Gumi's opinion.
"If the Shogunate abolishes the unequal treaty, executes the expulsion and returns to the seclusion system, we will allow the bride to surrender." And
The shogunate "returns to a seclusion system within 10 years." As a result, Mr. Wamiya's wife was realized.
Emperor Komei declared that if the shogunate did not take action within 10 years, he would lead a public house and a daimyo himself, and ordered the shogunate to return the people who were punished in the Ansei Purge. , The movement of the Emperor Komei has been increasing in various places.
Mr. Gumi was supposed to have been working hard for the imperial court, but because he was close to Mr. Sakai, the chief of Kyoto Shoshidai, and he was in favor of the wife of Wamiya, he was a member of the Samurai school from the priests of the Honorable school. It was supposed to be.
Furthermore, even Emperor Komei suspected that he would be punished , and he would leave the imperial court and leave the house.
However, the scholars of the sectarian sect claim that the disposition is still sweet, and even say that they will expose their heads if they do not move out of Kyoto. It seems that he was disliked.
And 5 years until November 1867 , Rakuhoku in the north of downtown Kyoto I will live a life in Iwakura.
Launch of the new Meiji government!
Assassination of Emperor Komei?
Around 40 years old two years after entering the life of a kid , The incident that happened the previous year "Political change on August 18" The Choshu clan, which had been banished from Kyoto in Japan, causes another armed clash. "Kinmon Incident" is.
As a result, the Sōnō Jōi faction was wiped out and the Samurai faction returned, but Mr. Gumi was still punished.
1865 around 41 From Saigo Takamori Sanya Toshimichi Okubo I started to get in touch with the Satsuma Domain and the imperial courts and think about returning to politics. It was around this time that I changed the position of the "Kobu Gattai" to the "Koubu Gattai".
The imperial court and the shogunate will start "Choshu expedition" toward the Choshu clan, which had become a "morning enemy".
However, the Shogunate army was forced to struggle due to the "second Choshu expedition", and the general Shogun Iemochi suddenly died . The bad luck also overlaps.
Mr. Gumi and the Satsuma domain insist that a reconciliation with the Choshu domain should be made, but the imperial court and the leaders of the shogunate reject this and proceed with the conquest.
Mr. Gumi and his colleagues, who criticized this violently, said that it was a similar case "Nine Ministers' case" . I made an opinion. Mr. Gumi has not participated because he is in the middle of his life.
Emperor Komei, who was furious at this, disposes of those who participated in the line.
Immediately after this, however, Emperor Komei died of smallpox, but due to the good timing, Mr. Gumi's poisoning theory is suspected.
The Great Order of Restoration!
Emperor Komei died, and Emperor Meiji took the throne at the young age of 15.
October 1867 , 15th Shogun Yoshinobu Tokugawa " Taisei Hokan " The samurai government, which continued from the Kamakura Shogunate, was returned to the imperial court.
However, even when the government was returned, the leaders of the imperial court were at the mercy of Mr. Yoshinobu, and the actual power was returning to the shogunate.
Mr. Gumi, who returned in November, was worried about this, and with the imperial court leaders, Satsuma domain, Tosa domain, Fukui domain and other daimyo " Restoration of the royal government Great Command " The shogunate was abolished and a new government was launched.
Meiji 1st year Upon entering, Yoshinobu suddenly started dispatching troops for the purpose of occupying Kyoto. " Boshin " with the new government army vs. the old shogunate army due to Mr. Tokugawa's decision to conquer Tokugawa War " Has started the war.
In front of the gathered daimyo, Mr. Gumi is
"If you want to go back to Japan, go back to Japan! Only those who have the will of Qin Wang should swear!"
It is said that everyone trembled at this statement and everyone swore.
Iwakura Mission for Treaty Revision!
In the new Meiji government, the reorganization was carried out with reference to the American political system, and Mr. Tokumi became the actual center in Kyoto, and although criticized, "not only defeated the shogunate, but also renewed the public family society. Must be! " And push forward with reforms.
" Repatriation of version " Abolition of the feudal clan The land and people owned by the clan will be converted into the imperial court, and the "clan" will be abolished and a major reform will be carried out to make it a "prefecture".
Japan once had the problem of an unequal treaty signed by the Shogunate.
There was an agreement with the United States that negotiations would not be possible until July 1872 (Meiji 5), and the deadline had come to an end.
However, the United States could maintain an unequal treaty because Japan's laws and systems are still in place.
Mr. Gumi thinks that a delegation should be sent to Europe and the United States to introduce foreign modernization to Japan and achieve civilization before negotiating a treaty.
Then, I traveled to various countries from the 4th year of the Meiji era to 1 year and 10 months.
During this migration, Mr. Gumi was shocked by the modernization of Western countries far beyond his own imagination, and his purpose was to study abroad instead of revising the treaty.
Mr. Gumi is " mage " Is the soul of the Japanese! I thought that I was wearing a kimono, but I think it's no longer the case, and I'm cutting my hair in the United States.
After his return, railroads were essential to his prosperity, and he helped establish the Nippon Railway Company.
It has been passed down to the current JR East, such as the Tohoku Main Line and Yamanote Line.
Died of laryngeal cancer!
Meiji 6 , Conflict with Mr. Takamori Saigo and others on the issue of opening the country with Korea, which caused an incident in which Mr. Saigo and his 600 bureaucrats resigned all at once.
Around this time, rebellions of former samurai warriors began to occur in various places, Meiji 10 . , Saigo-san also "Satsuma Rebellion" I died in.
Furthermore, Meiji 11 Toshimichi Okubo was also attacked and assassinated by the complainers.
Around Meiji 13 I came to think about the necessity of establishing a constitution, and after the death of Mr. Okubo, I supported Mr. Gumi Hirobumi Ito . I will leave it to you.
Mr. Ito is the first Prime Minister It is also famous as. It is a true story that he was selected because he can speak English.
And Meiji 23 , Asia's first modern constitution "Meiji Constitution" Has been enforced.
Current "Constitution of Japan" It was never amended for more than half a century before it came into force. It was perfect.
Mr. Gumi could not see the enactment of the Constitution, Meiji 16 , Died 59 years old due to laryngeal cancer while receiving the sympathy of Emperor Meiji ..
It was the first cancer announcement in Japan.