- Mesopotamia: The Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
- Egypt: The Nile River.
- India: The Indus and Ganges rivers.
- China: The Yangtze and Yellow rivers.
These river systems provided these early civilizations with fertile soil for agriculture, transportation, and trade. The Andean civilizations, on the other hand, developed in the Andes Mountains, a region with a very different geography.
The Andean civilizations had the following geographical features in common:
- Mountains: The Andes Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world, and they run along the western coast of South America. The Andes Mountains provided the Andean civilizations with a variety of resources, including minerals, timber, and water.
- Plateaus: The Altiplano is a high plateau located in the Andes Mountains. The Altiplano is a region of high altitude, and it is home to many of the Andean civilizations.
- Deserts: The Atacama Desert is located in the western coast of South America. The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth, and it is home to a variety of unique plant and animal life.