2. Promoting the reestablishment of Confucian traditions and practices:
- Reviving Confucian rituals, ceremonies, and festivals.
- Rebuilding and restoring Confucian temples, schools, and academies.
- Supporting the printing and distribution of Confucian texts and classical literature.
3. Eliminating Mongol customs and influences:
- Mongol clothing, language, and customs were banned.
- Mongol place names were changed back to their original Chinese names.
- Mongol titles, such as "khan," were abolished.
4. Expelling the Mongols from China:
- The Ming emperors launched military campaigns to drive the Mongols out of Chinese territory.
- The Great Wall was rebuilt and strengthened to prevent further Mongol incursions.
5. Closing China to foreign influences:
- The Ming government implemented strict maritime restrictions and limited foreign trade, isolating China from the outside world.
- Contact with foreign merchants and missionaries was tightly controlled.
Through these measures, the Ming dynasty sought to assert its Chinese identity, revive Confucian values, and erase the legacy of Mongol rule in order to establish a new and distinct Chinese imperial order.