What kind of principles did Han emperor Liu Bang incorporate into government as he modified the harsh Legalist system?

* Reduction in harsh punishments: Liu Bang reduced the number of crimes that were punishable by death and abolished the practice of mutilation. He also made torture illegal except in cases of treason.

* Lower taxes: Liu Bang lowered taxes in order to stimulate the economy and make life easier for the common people.

* Land reform: Liu Bang redistributed land among the peasantry in order to create a more equitable society.

* Encouragement of commerce and trade: Liu Bang encouraged commerce and trade by building new roads and canals and reducing tariffs.

* Patronage of literature and the arts: Liu Bang was a patron of literature and the arts, and he established a university in the capital city of Chang'an.

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