1. The Third Anglo-Burmese War: The Third Anglo-Burmese War took place from November 1885 to January 1886 between the British Empire and the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma. The war resulted in a decisive British victory, leading to the annexation of Upper Burma and the formal establishment of British colonial rule over the entire country.
2. The Fall of Mandalay: On November 28, 1885, British troops captured the city of Mandalay, the capital of the Konbaung Dynasty. King Thibaw Min, the last monarch of Burma, surrendered to the British, marking the end of the Konbaung Dynasty and the beginning of British rule.
3. The Annexation of Upper Burma: After the fall of Mandalay, the British formally annexed Upper Burma, including the regions of Ava, Shan States, and Kachin Hills, to their empire. Lower Burma, which had been annexed earlier in 1852, was merged with Upper Burma to form the province of Burma within British India.
4. Deportation of King Thibaw Min: Following his surrender to the British, King Thibaw Min, along with his family and members of the royal court, was deported to India, initially to Ratnagari in Maharashtra. Later, they were moved to Ratnagiri, where they remained until their deaths.
5. Establishment of British Administration: The British established a colonial administration in Burma, with a governor appointed by the British Crown. The administration was centralized in Rangoon, the largest city and main port in the country. The British introduced various administrative and legal systems, including the creation of administrative divisions, courts, and educational institutions.
6. Resistance and Rebellions: The British annexation of Burma and the imposition of colonial rule led to widespread resistance and rebellions against the British authority. Various ethnic groups, such as the Shan, Karen, and Kachin, staged uprisings and guerrilla campaigns against British rule. These resistances continued for several years and posed challenges to the consolidation of British control.