What was the reason to why Confucius began Confucianism?

Confucius did not actually begin Confucianism. He was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE) who is traditionally credited with founding the philosophy/religion known as Confucianism. His teachings focused on the importance of respect for authority and hierarchy, as well as the value of individual moral cultivation and social harmony. It is often more accurate to state that Confucius expanded and popularized Confucian philosophy rather than starting it.

Confucianism emphasizes personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. Teaching about these and other virtues, the school of Confucius developed an ethical system centered on five key relationships: ruler-subject, father-son, older brother-younger brother, husband-wife, and friend-friend.

Confucius's beliefs were centered on the idea of ren (仁), or "humaneness," which can be extended to mean "benevolence" or "loving kindness". The main goal of a person's life, Confucius asserted, was to cultivate ren and to embody it in society. According to the Analects, Confucius described a ren person as someone "who in his personal conduct is respectful, in serving his parents is devoted, in serving his lord is loyal, in making contacts with his friends is sincere, and in his general conduct embodies good faith."

Confucius's teachings became the basis of the civil service examinations in China and eventually became the state philosophy of China and other countries in the Far East.