- Oil production: Saudi Arabia is one of the world's largest oil producers and exporters, holding approximately 16% of the world's proven oil reserves. The country's economy heavily relies on oil exports, making it susceptible to fluctuations in global oil prices.
- Islam and the Holy Sites: Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to the two holiest sites in Islam, Mecca and Medina. Every year, millions of Muslim pilgrims visit Saudi Arabia to perform the annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a religious obligation for capable Muslims.
- Strict religious and social customs: Saudi Arabia adheres to a strict interpretation of Islamic law, known as Wahhabism, which shapes the country's social, legal, and cultural norms. For instance, women are required to wear the abaya, a conservative black robe, in public, and face restrictions in terms of employment, travel, and other aspects of life compared to men.
- Desert landscape and challenging environment: Saudi Arabia's vast territory is dominated by the Arabian Desert, known for its extreme temperatures, sparse vegetation, and limited water resources. The country has implemented various ambitious projects, such as large-scale desalination plants and agricultural developments, to address water scarcity and ensure sustainable water supplies.
- Historical and cultural heritage: Despite being a relatively young country (established in 1932), Saudi Arabia boasts a rich historical and cultural heritage. The country has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the archaeological site of Mada'in Saleh, which showcases the remarkable Nabataean ruins that predate the Roman Empire.
- Economic diversification efforts: In recent years, Saudi Arabia has been undertaking significant economic diversification efforts to reduce reliance on oil revenue. The country has launched mega projects and initiatives, such as the NEOM smart city project and the Vision 2030 plan, aimed at transforming the economy and attracting foreign investments in sectors like tourism, renewable energy, and technology.
These are just a few of the things that Saudi Arabia is well known for, but there are many other aspects and dimensions that contribute to the country's identity and global recognition.