1. Persians (525 BCE): The Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great, conquered Egypt and ruled it for over a century until the revolt led by Amyrtaeus in 404 BCE.
2. Greeks (332 BCE): Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BCE, establishing the Ptolemaic dynasty that ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years.
3. Romans (30 BCE): After the death of Cleopatra and Mark Antony, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire. Roman rule lasted for several centuries until the rise of Christianity.
4. Arabs (641 CE): The Rashidun Caliphate, led by Amr ibn al-As, conquered Egypt from the Byzantine Empire in 641 CE, marking the beginning of Islamic rule in Egypt.
5. Mamluks (1250 CE): The Mamluks, originally slave soldiers from various backgrounds, established their rule in Egypt after defeating the Ayyubid dynasty. They ruled Egypt until the Ottoman conquest in 1517 CE.
6. Ottomans (1517 CE): The Ottoman Empire conquered Egypt and incorporated it into its vast territories. Ottoman rule lasted for over four centuries until the rise of Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century.
It is worth noting that during some periods of Egyptian history, the country experienced internal divisions, such as the conflicts between the Upper and Lower Kingdoms or the struggles between native rulers and foreign invaders. Egypt's history is complex and filled with both periods of independence and foreign rule.