Hongwu sought to centralise power and authority within the Ming dynasty, reducing the influence of regional warlords and provincial governors. He established a strong imperial bureaucracy, with a hierarchy of officials responsible for different aspects of government. He also created a secret police force to root out corruption and disloyalty.
Social reforms:
Hong Wu implemented various social reforms to strengthen the moral fabric of society. He promoted Confucian values and encouraged education and learning. He also introduced laws against prostitution, gambling, and other forms of social deviance.
Land reforms:
Hong Wu carried out land reforms to address the issue of inequality and to ensure a stable agricultural base. He redistributed land to landless peasants and reduced the size of large estates. He also implemented measures to improve agricultural productivity, such as flood control projects and the promotion of new agricultural techniques.
Economic policies:
Hong Wu introduced several economic policies to boost the economy. He lowered taxes, encouraged trade, and supported the development of commerce and manufacturing. He also established a system of government monopolies on certain commodities such as salt and iron, to generate revenue for the state.
Foreign policy:
Hong Wu adopted an assertive foreign policy, aiming to expand the Ming dynasty's influence and protect its borders. He launched military campaigns against neighbouring kingdoms and tribes, and established tributary relationships with other Asian countries. He also sent diplomatic missions to various parts of the world, to establish trade and diplomatic ties.
Cultural achievements:
Hong Wu was a patron of the arts and literature. He encouraged the compilation of encyclopaedias, histories, and other scholarly works. He also supported the development of drama and music, and established a national academy for the training of officials and scholars.
Overall, Hong Wu's reign was marked by significant changes and reforms in Chinese society, aimed at consolidating the power of the Ming dynasty, promoting stability, and improving the well-being of the people.