1. Advanced Technology and Infrastructure: Kublai Khan was impressed by the sophisticated technology and infrastructure developed by the Song civilization. The Song engineers had excelled in various fields, including hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding, printing, gunpowder, and urban planning. Kublai Khan was particularly fascinated by their irrigation systems, water clocks, mechanical devices, and advanced weaponry. He incorporated many of these advancements into his own empire and administration.
2. Cultural Achievements: Kublai Khan had a deep appreciation for Song culture and arts. He admired their refined tastes in literature, art, music, and cuisine. Many Song scholars, artists, and artisans found patronage at his court. He was especially fond of Song poetry, drama, and music. Under his reign, he established art institutes and promoted the assimilation of Han Chinese ideas and practices into Mongolian culture.