- Land was the primary mode of transportation. Travel by land on horseback, donkeyback, or camelback and was mainly used for trade, military conquests and religious pilgrimages.
- Sea travel was also used, mainly for trade. The Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean were the two major trade routes.
Today:
- Air travel is the fastest and most common way of traveling long distance. Airplanes travel at speeds far greater than any land or water vessels, and can reach destinations that are thousands of miles away in a matter of hours.
- Land travel now involves a variety of vehicles, such as cars, buses, and trains. These can travel over paved roads and highways. Bridges and tunnels have also been built to cross rivers and mountains.
Technological advances have also significantly impacted travel routes.
- The development of steam engines led to the invention of the train and steamships, allowing for faster and more efficient land and water travel.
- The internal combustion engine revolutionized land transportation with the invention of automobiles, providing personal mobility and making travel more accessible to the masses.
- The advent of air travel in the 20th century transformed long-distance travel, enabling people to reach far-off destinations quickly and easily.
Other difference includes
- Infrastructure: Today, we have a much more extensive network of roads, railways, and airports, which allows us to travel more quickly and easily than people in the classical era.
- Borders: In the classical era, there were far fewer borders and restrictions on travel than there are today. This meant that people could travel more freely and easily. Today, we must often obtain visas and permits, comply with customs regulations, and deal with other bureaucratic hurdles in order to travel to other countries.
- Communication: Today, we also have the advantage of modern technology when we travel, such as GPS devices and mobile phones, which make it easier to navigate and stay in touch with people back home.