The Seljuk Turks established the Seljuk Sultanate in the region, which marked the beginning of Turkish rule in Anatolia. However, it wasn't until the early 14th century that the Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. This empire grew and expanded over the following centuries, consolidating Turkish rule and establishing a vast multi-ethnic empire that spanned three continents.
In 1923, following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and after the Turkish War of Independence, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, marking the birth of the modern nation-state known as Turkey.