Economic system: The Soviet Union implemented a communist economic system based on centralized planning and ownership of industries. All major sectors of the economy, including manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation, were controlled by the state. Central planning aimed to ensure the allocation of resources according to predetermined economic priorities set by the government.
Social transformation: Communism influenced various aspects of society in Soviet Russia. Social structures changed as class distinctions diminished, and workers and peasants gained influence. Social welfare programs expanded, providing universal healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. Communism also sought to challenge traditional beliefs and institutions, promoting collectivism and discouraging religious practices.
Political structure: The Soviet Union adopted a system of communist governance centered around the Communist Party as the vanguard of the working class. The party held ultimate political power and was responsible for policymaking, overseeing the government, and maintaining ideological orthodoxy. This one-party system aimed to create a centralized state apparatus focused on achieving communist goals.
Collective farms: In agriculture, Soviet Russia introduced collective farms known as "kolkhozes." Private land ownership was collectivized into large-scale cooperative farms owned by the state. Peasants worked collectively and shared the production output as per their labor contribution. Collectivization faced significant resistance and challenges, resulting in disruptions to food production and a famine during the early 1930s.
Overall, communism in Soviet Russia aimed to transform all aspects of society and create a utopian society based on egalitarian principles and socialist economics. Its implementation faced various practical and ideological challenges, shaping the course of political, economic, and social developments in the country.