The automobile (Karl Benz)
The jet engine (Hans von Ohain and Wernher von Braun)
The computer (Konrad Zuse)
The telephone (Johann Philipp Reis)
The x-ray machine (Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen)
The spectroscope (Joseph von Fraunhofer)
The telegraph (Samuel Morse and/or Charles Wheatstone)
The microscope (Zacharias Janssen)
The telescope (Hans Lipperhey)