- Founded by Tughril Beg in the 11th century.
- Controlled much of modern day Turkey, as well as parts of Armenia, Georgia, Iran, and Syria.
- Noted for its military prowess, and its role in the Crusades.
Ottoman Empire:
- Founded by Osman I in the 13th century.
- Eventually came to control a vast territory, stretching from Southeastern Europe, across North Africa, and into the Middle East.
- Lasted for over 600 years, until its collapse in the early 20th century.