1. Rapid and Decisive Victory:
In 1066, William invaded England and decisively defeated the English forces led by King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. This swift and overwhelming victory established his authority and discouraged further resistance from Anglo-Saxon nobles.
2. Brutality and Fear:
William employed a harsh policy of retribution and punishment to subdue any potential rebellion. The infamous event known as the "Harrying of the North" demonstrated his willingness to use brutal force to instill fear and discourage dissent.
3. Construction of Motte-and-Bailey Castles:
To maintain control over the conquered territories, William ordered the construction of numerous motte-and-bailey castles across England. These fortified strongholds served as centers of Norman power and helped suppress local uprisings.
4. Confiscation of Anglo-Saxon Lands:
William systematically confiscated the lands and properties of the defeated Anglo-Saxon nobles and distributed them among his Norman followers. This policy weakened the traditional landowning elite and replaced them with loyal supporters of the new regime.
5. Loyalty of Norman Barons:
William rewarded his Norman barons for their support with extensive land grants and positions of power. This created a network of loyal vassals who had a vested interest in maintaining William's authority.
6. Feudal System:
William introduced the feudal system to England, which established a hierarchical structure of land tenure and military obligations. This system further reinforced the control of the Norman aristocracy and ensured their loyalty.
7. Normanization:
William promoted the use of the French language and culture in England, gradually replacing Anglo-Saxon customs and traditions. This "Normanization" process aimed to assimilate the English into the dominant Norman society.
8. Taxation and Centralized Administration:
William implemented a sophisticated system of taxation and centralized administration, ensuring a steady flow of revenue and efficient governance of the kingdom.
Overall, King William I's combination of military prowess, strategic alliances, and effective administrative measures allowed him to successfully establish and maintain control over England. His reign marked the beginning of the Norman era and had a profound impact on English history, society, and culture.