Geographic Position: Portugal is situated along the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, making it an ideal location for maritime expeditions. The country has a long coastline and several natural harbors that facilitated the construction and launch of ships. Portugal's proximity to the Canary Islands and the Azores also provided stepping stones for exploration into the Atlantic Ocean.
Technological Progress: Portugal was at the forefront of shipbuilding technology during the Age of Exploration. Portuguese shipbuilders developed advanced techniques that resulted in the creation of sturdier and more maneuverable vessels. The caravel, a type of ship designed by the Portuguese, was particularly well-suited for long-distance voyages due to its maneuverability and ability to tack against the wind.
Political Interests: The Portuguese monarchy played a significant role in promoting exploration. Prince Henry the Navigator, the third son of King John I, was a key figure in sponsoring expeditions and encouraging Portuguese sailors to venture into uncharted waters. The Portuguese government provided financial support, infrastructure, and incentives for explorers, recognizing the potential economic and political gains that could be achieved through exploration.