2. Threat to the Status Quo: The post-Napoleonic order established at the Congress of Vienna was based on the principle of balance of power, with a delicate equilibrium of territories and influence among European nations. Nationalism posed a threat to this balance by potentially motivating nations to seek territorial expansion or unification, disrupting the existing political landscape.
3. Threat to Monarchies and Aristocracies: Many of the leaders at the Congress of Vienna were monarchs or aristocrats who held conservative views and were wary of the democratic and revolutionary potential of nationalism. They feared that nationalist movements could challenge their authority and privilege and lead to social unrest and political upheaval.
4. Spread of Revolutionary Ideas: Nationalism often goes hand in hand with the spread of revolutionary ideas and movements, as people inspired by nationalist sentiments may seek to overthrow existing political systems. The leaders at the Congress of Vienna had vivid memories of the French Revolution and its widespread consequences and wanted to prevent similar upheavals in Europe.
5. Unpredictable Consequences: Nationalism is inherently unpredictable and can take on various forms, ranging from peaceful cultural expressions to violent conflicts. The leaders at the Congress of Vienna were concerned about the unknown trajectory of nationalist movements and the potential challenges they could pose to their attempts at maintaining stability and peace.
In summary, the leaders at the Congress of Vienna feared nationalism due to its potential to cause territorial disputes, threaten the existing geopolitical order, challenge traditional power structures, spread revolutionary ideas, and create overall uncertainty and instability in Europe.