* Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France. This region had been part of Germany since 1871, and its loss was a significant blow to German pride and prestige.
* Germany lost Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium. This small territory was located in what is now eastern Belgium.
* Germany lost North Schleswig to Denmark. This region was located in what is now southern Denmark.
* Germany lost West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia to Poland. These territories were located in what is now western Poland.
* Germany lost Danzig (now Gdańsk) to the Free City of Danzig. Danzig was a major port city on the Baltic Sea, and its loss was a significant blow to German trade.
Changes in Africa:
* Germany lost all of its African colonies. These colonies included Togo, Cameroon, German South-West Africa (now Namibia), and German East Africa (now Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi).
Changes in the Middle East:
* The Ottoman Empire lost control of its Arab territories. These territories were divided up between Britain and France, and they later became the countries of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan.
The Treaty of Versailles also established the League of Nations, an international organization that was intended to promote peace and prevent future wars. The League was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.