Here is a summary of the key points agreed upon in the INF Treaty:
1. Elimination of Missiles: Both the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to eliminate all ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. This included both deployed and non-deployed missiles, as well as launchers and support equipment.
2. Verification and Inspection: The treaty established a robust verification regime to ensure compliance. Each side was granted the right to conduct on-site inspections of the other side's facilities to verify the destruction of missiles and related equipment. These inspections were to be carried out without interference and were essential in building trust between the two superpowers.
3. Timeframe for Destruction: The treaty set a specific timeframe for the destruction of missiles and related equipment. Both parties agreed to complete the destruction process within 18 months of the treaty's entry into force.
4. Non-Circumvention Provisions: The INF Treaty included provisions to prevent either side from circumventing the agreement by transferring missiles or related technology to third countries. Both the United States and the Soviet Union pledged not to assist or encourage any third country to develop or acquire INF missiles.
5. Duration of the Treaty: The INF Treaty was initially concluded for a period of 10 years, after which it could be extended by mutual agreement. However, the United States withdrew from the treaty in 2019, citing concerns over Russia's alleged violations of the agreement.
The INF Treaty played a crucial role in reducing the risk of nuclear war and enhancing global security. It marked a significant milestone in arms control and laid the foundation for further negotiations on nuclear disarmament between the United States and Russia.