History of Europe

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Who was Napoleon Francois Joseph Charles Bonaparte?

Napoleon Francois Joseph Charles Bonaparte, better known as Napoleon II, was the son of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French emperor, and his second wife, Marie Louise of Austria. He was born on March 20, 1811, in Paris. Napoleon II was the King of Rome from birth and intended to succeed his father as Emperor of the French.

After Napoleon Bonaparte's abdication in 1814 and the subsequent Congress of Vienna, Napoleon II was given the title of King of Rome. However, the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France, with Louis XVIII ascending to the throne. Napoleon II and his mother left for Austria, where he lived under the protection of his grandfather, Emperor Francis II of Austria.

Napoleon II never actually ruled as Emperor of the French. After his father's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 and the Bourbon restoration, he became known as the "Duke of Reichstadt." He lived in Austria for the rest of his life, receiving an education befitting a prince and developing an interest in military history.

Tragically, Napoleon II's life was cut short at a young age. He suffered from tuberculosis and died on July 22, 1832, at the Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria. He never had the chance to fulfill his destiny as Emperor of the French and remains a figure of historical curiosity and speculation.

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