1. Mary I (born February 18, 1516): Mary was the eldest child of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She succeeded her father as Queen of England in 1553 and reigned until her death in 1558. Mary is often remembered for her religious persecution of Protestants, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary."
2. Elizabeth I (born September 7, 1533): Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She became Queen of England in 1558 after the death of her half-sister, Mary. Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan Era, a period of great prosperity and cultural flourishing in England. She never married and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen."
3. Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (born June 15, 1519): Henry FitzRoy was the illegitimate son of Henry VIII and his mistress, Elizabeth Blount. He was born before Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn and was later legitimated by his father. Henry FitzRoy held several important titles but died young, in 1536, at the age of 17.
4. Edward VI (born October 12, 1537): Edward was the son of Henry VIII and his third wife, Jane Seymour. He succeeded his father as King of England in 1547 at the age of nine. Edward's reign was marked by religious reforms and the establishment of Protestantism as the official religion of England. He died of tuberculosis in 1553 at the age of 15, leaving the throne to his half-sister, Mary.
It's important to note that Henry VIII did have other children who did not survive infancy, including several miscarriages and stillbirths. The four listed above were his only surviving children who played significant roles in English history and the Tudor dynasty.