2. Urban decline and the rise of feudalism: The disruptions caused by the invasions led to a decline in trade and commerce, which in turn resulted in the decline of cities. Many people moved to the countryside, where they often became serfs on the lands of powerful landowners. This shift from urban to rural living contributed to the rise of feudalism.
3. Germanic kingdoms: The Germanic tribes that invaded Rome eventually established their kingdoms in various parts of the former Roman Empire. These kingdoms, such as the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain and the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy, contributed to the development of new cultures that blended Roman, Germanic, and other influences.