1. Size and Geography:
- New France was much larger in size compared to the English colonies. It stretched from present-day Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and included vast territories in the interior.
- The English colonies were mostly concentrated along the Atlantic coast, with a smaller land area compared to New France.
2. Population and Settlement:
- New France had a smaller population compared to the English colonies. The French population was primarily concentrated in urban centers like Quebec City and Montreal, with limited rural settlement.
- The English colonies had a larger and more dispersed population. They established numerous settlements along the coast and expanded inland.
3. Religion:
- New France was predominantly Catholic, with the Roman Catholic Church playing a significant role in society and governance.
- The English colonies were more diverse in terms of religion. Puritans, Anglicans, Quakers, and other Protestant groups established their colonies.
4. Government:
- New France was a centralized colony under the direct control of the French monarchy. The governor-general, appointed by the king, held significant power.
- The English colonies had varying forms of government, with some being royal colonies under direct British rule, others being proprietary colonies owned by individuals or companies, and still others being self-governing colonies with elected assemblies.
5. Economy:
- New France's economy was primarily based on the fur trade and fishing. The French established trading posts and alliances with Native American tribes to acquire furs and other goods.
- The English colonies had more diversified economies, including farming, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade. They established plantations, cultivated cash crops like tobacco and cotton, and engaged in trade with Europe and the Caribbean.
6. Native American Relations:
- The French generally had better relations with Native American tribes compared to the English. The French often relied on alliances and cooperation with Native Americans for trade, exploration, and defense.
- The English colonists frequently clashed with Native American tribes over land, resources, and cultural differences, leading to conflicts and tensions.
7. Cultural Exchange:
- New France and the English colonies experienced significant cultural exchange with Native American tribes. They adopted certain customs, foods, and practices from the indigenous peoples.
- Both the French and English colonists brought their own cultural traditions and languages, which influenced the development of North American culture and society.