What two ways did the ming emperors affect trade and other contacts with overseas countries?

1. Establishing a tributary system: The Ming emperors established a tributary system with neighboring countries, through which these countries acknowledged the Ming emperor as their supreme ruler and paid tribute in exchange for various benefits such as trade privileges, protection, and cultural exchanges.

2. Encouraging overseas exploration: The Ming emperors initially encouraged overseas exploration and supported several early expeditions led by renowned Chinese explorers such as Zheng He. These expeditions reached as far as East Africa and helped establish trade connections with various Southeast Asian, Indian, and Middle Eastern regions.

However, subsequent Ming emperors later adopted a more isolationist policy, fearing the increasing influence of Western powers and the spread of Christianity, among other concerns.

How did the war in Spain weaken army?

How did the spread of nationalism impact Germany duringthe 18th century?

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