The Soviet Union played a significant role in World War II, which lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war began with the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, and the Soviet Union entered the war on June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany launched a surprise invasion of the Soviet Union, known as Operation Barbarossa.
The Eastern Front
The conflict between Germany and the Soviet Union is often referred to as the "Eastern Front" of World War II. It was the largest and most destructive theater of operations of the entire war. The Eastern Front saw some of the most intense and brutal fighting of the war, with millions of soldiers and civilians killed.
Strategic Importance
The Soviet Union was a vast country with a large population and significant natural resources. It was seen by Germany as a potential threat and a source of supplies for its war effort. By invading the Soviet Union, Germany hoped to quickly defeat the Soviet military and gain control of its resources, weakening the Allies and securing its own position in the war.
Early German Successes
Initially, the German invasion of the Soviet Union was successful. The German forces advanced rapidly, capturing large swathes of territory and inflicting heavy losses on the Soviet military. However, the Soviet Union was able to resist the German advances and launch counter-offensives.
Turning Points
The turning point of the war on the Eastern Front came in the Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from July 1942 to February 1943. The Soviet forces surrounded the German 6th Army in the city of Stalingrad, cutting off supplies and reinforcements. After months of fierce fighting, the German army surrendered, marking a major defeat for Germany and a significant victory for the Soviet Union.
Allied Support
The Soviet Union received significant support from its Allies, particularly the United States and Great Britain, under the Lend-Lease program. The Allies provided the Soviet Union with military equipment, food, and other supplies, which helped strengthen the Soviet military and contribute to its eventual victory.
End of the War
The war on the Eastern Front ended with the unconditional surrender of Germany in May 1945. The Soviet Union played a crucial role in defeating Nazi Germany and securing victory for the Allies. The human and material costs of the war for the Soviet Union were immense, but it emerged from the war as one of the most powerful nations in the world.