* France: The French Empire was the second largest empire in the world in the late 1800s, covering a total area of approximately 10 million square kilometers (4 million square miles). The French Empire included colonies and protectorates in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
* Russia: The Russian Empire was the third largest empire in the world in the late 1800s, covering a total area of approximately 22 million square kilometers (8.5 million square miles). The Russian Empire included territory in Europe, Asia, and North America.
* Germany: The German Empire was the fourth largest empire in the world in the late 1800s, covering a total area of approximately 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million square miles). The German Empire included colonies and protectorates in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Ocean.
* United States: The United States became a major imperialist power in the late 1800s, after the Spanish-American War. The United States acquired colonies and protectorates in the Caribbean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Philippines.