1. President: Russia is a semi-presidential republic, meaning that executive power is shared between the President and the Prime Minister. The President is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and has the authority to dissolve the State Duma (the lower house of parliament).
2. Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government and leads the cabinet of ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President with the approval of the State Duma. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are responsible for implementing government policies.
3. Federal Assembly: The Federal Assembly is the parliament of Russia and consists of two chambers: the State Duma (lower house) and the Federation Council (upper house). The State Duma has 450 seats and is elected by popular vote. The Federation Council has 170 seats, with each region and republic represented by one Senator.
4. Judicial System: Russia has a three-tier court system: district courts, regional courts, and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in Russia and is responsible for overseeing the activities of lower courts and interpreting the law.
5. Political Parties: Russia has a multi-party system, with several political parties represented in the State Duma. Some of the major political parties include United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, and the Just Russia party.
6. Centralization of Power: One of the key characteristics of the rule in Russia is the centralization of power. The President has significant authority and control over the political system, including the appointment of key government officials and the ability to dissolve the parliament.
7. Media Control: The Russian government exerts significant control over the media, with state-owned media outlets often promoting the government's views. Independent media organizations face pressure and restrictions, and critical journalism can be limited.
8. Opposition and Dissent: Political opposition and dissenting voices are often suppressed in Russia. Critics of the government can face legal challenges, surveillance, and even imprisonment.
9. Regional Differences: Russia is a vast and diverse country with different regions having varying levels of autonomy. Some regions have significant ethnic and cultural differences, and tensions can arise between the central government and regional authorities.
10. Foreign Policy: Russia's foreign policy is influenced by its historical legacy, geostrategic interests, and relations with other countries. Russia's assertiveness on the international stage has impacted global politics and led to tensions with Western nations.
These facts highlight important aspects of the system of rule in Russia, providing an overview of its institutions, political dynamics, and challenges.