Peace Treaties and Alliances:
- In 1411, the Treaty of Ayllón was signed between Castile (a kingdom within Spain) and Portugal. This treaty aimed to resolve territorial disputes and establish peace between the two kingdoms.
- Castile and Portugal also entered into several military alliances, particularly against the Moorish presence in the Iberian Peninsula.
Maritime Rivalry:
- Both Spain and Portugal were expanding their maritime horizons during this period, exploring the coasts of Africa and seeking new trade routes. This led to competition and occasional conflicts over territorial claims and access to resources.
Trade and Economic Relations:
- There was significant trade between Spain and Portugal, including the exchange of goods such as wine, olive oil, salt, and textiles.
- Portugal also served as an intermediary in Spain's trade with other European countries, especially England and Flanders.
Royal Marriages and Dynastic Ties:
- In 1415, King John I of Portugal married Philippa of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who had a claim to the throne of Castile.
- This marriage strengthened the ties between the Portuguese and Castilian royal families and helped maintain friendly relations between the two kingdoms.
Cultural Exchange:
- There was a cultural exchange between Spain and Portugal, particularly in the areas of art, literature, and music.
- Portuguese artists and scholars were active in Spain, contributing to the cultural richness of both countries.
Overall, the relations between Spain and Portugal in the 1400s were characterized by a mix of cooperation, competition, and cultural exchange. While there were occasional tensions and conflicts, both kingdoms recognized the benefits of maintaining good relations and sought to resolve their differences through diplomacy and alliances.