- Centralization of the English state: Henry II played a crucial role in centralizing the English state and establishing a strong, effective monarchy. He implemented reforms such as the Assize of Clarendon and the Constitutions of Clarendon, which strengthened royal authority and curbed the power of local nobles.
- Legal and judicial reforms: Henry II introduced significant legal reforms that significantly influenced the English legal system. He established a system of royal justice, with itinerant justices traveling to hear cases and enforce the king's law. He also standardized legal procedures and introduced the concept of trial by jury, which became a cornerstone of the English justice system.
- Conflict with the Church: Henry II's reign saw a significant conflict with the Church, particularly over the issue of clerical immunity and the rights of the Church. The most famous episode was the famous quarrel with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who opposed Henry's attempts to limit the jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts. The conflict ultimately led to Becket's martyrdom in 1170.
- Administrative reforms: He introduced efficient administrative systems, such as the Exchequer, to manage the royal finances and maintain a coherent system of taxation and revenue collection.
- Patron of literature: Henry II had a keen interest in literature and learning, and he gathered scholars and writers at his court. During his reign, a number of important cultural and literary works were produced, including the chronicles of Geoffrey of Monmouth and the works of the poet Marie de France.
Overall, Henry II's reign marked a period of transformation in English history, where he laid the foundation for a centralized and effective monarchy, implemented significant legal and administrative reforms, and exerted influence over various aspects of society.