- Mountainous terrain: Greece is a mountainous country with a rugged coastline. This geography made it difficult for the ancient Greeks to communicate with each other, leading to the development of small, independent city-states.
- Peninsulas and islands: Greece is made up of a mainland peninsula and numerous islands, which made it easy for the ancient Greeks to travel and trade by sea. They became skilled seafarers and traders, which helped them to spread their culture throughout the Mediterranean Sea.
Climate
- Mediterranean climate: Greece has a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot, dry summers. This climate is conducive to agriculture, which was the basis of the ancient Greek economy.
- Variable rainfall: Rainfall in Greece is variable, which made it necessary for the ancient Greeks to develop irrigation techniques in order to ensure a steady supply of water for their crops.