1. Post World War I Situation: After the end of World War I in 1918, Germany was weakened by the Treaty of Versailles, which imposed severe restrictions on its military and economic capabilities. Japan, likewise, was grappling with the aftermath of the war and concerned about its geopolitical standing in the Asia-Pacific region.
2. Economic Interests: Both Germany and Japan were motivated by their desire for economic expansion. They saw alliance as a way to access resources and strengthen their industrial ambitions, especially in Asia and Europe.
3. Anti-Communist Sentiment: Both countries shared a mutual fear and aversion to communism. In Germany, the Nazi party rose to power on a platform that strongly opposed communist ideology. Similarly, Japan was wary of the growing communist movement in Asia, particularly China.
4. Anti-Western Sentiment: Germany and Japan resented the dominant position of Western powers, especially the United States, Britain, and France, after World War I. They felt marginalized and sought to challenge the international order established by these countries.
5.Rise of Fascism and militarism: Both countries experienced a rise in fascism and militarism during the interwar period. The Nazi party in Germany and the militarist government in Japan pursued aggressive expansionist policies, which led them to seek alliances and partnerships.
6. Diplomatic Efforts: In the early 1930s, Germany and Japan began exploring the possibility of an alliance. This diplomatic process was facilitated by mutual interests, secret negotiations, and the efforts of diplomats and policymakers on both sides.
In 1936, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern pact, formalizing their alliance and committing to cooperate in opposing the spread of communism. This alliance was significant as it brought together two major powers with distinct geopolitical objectives, and it laid the foundation for their coordination during World War II.