* Central Powers:
* Germany
* Austria-Hungary
* Ottoman Empire
* Allied Powers:
* France
* Russian Empire
* United Kingdom
* Serbia
* Belgium
* Japan
* Italy (joined the Allies in 1915)
* United States (joined the Allies in 1917)
Three causes of World War 1:
* Militarism: The major European powers had been engaged in an arms race for decades, and each country had a large standing army. This created a climate of fear and suspicion among the nations.
* Imperialism: The European powers were competing for control of colonies and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This competition led to tensions between the powers and increased the risk of war.
* Nationalism: The rise of nationalism in Europe led to increased competition and rivalry between the countries. Each country wanted to assert its dominance over the others, and this led to a climate of tension and hostility.
Effects of World War 1 on European consciousness:
* The war had a profound impact on European consciousness. It led to a loss of faith in traditional values and institutions, such as the monarchy and the church.
* The war also led to a rise in nationalism and a desire for self-determination among the European peoples.
* The war also had a significant impact on the economy and society of Europe. It led to widespread destruction and economic dislocation, and it also led to a decline in the birth rate and an increase in the number of women in the workforce.