France in the 18th century was very unequal. The majority of the population lived in poverty, while a small group of nobles and wealthy merchants controlled most of the wealth and power. To make matters worse, the French government was heavily in debt, mostly due to funding other European wars. The debt led to high taxes, which disproportionately affected the poor. Finally, economic growth slowed in the late 18th century, which led to even more hardship for the French people.
2. Social Inequality
French society was also highly divided along social lines. The nobility had special privileges, such as exemption from taxes and the right to hold high office. The clergy also had a privileged position, and they owned a large amount of land. The common people, meanwhile, had few rights and were often treated poorly.
3. Enlightenment Ideas
The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that spread across Europe in the 18th century. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for reason, science, and individual liberty. Their ideas challenged traditional beliefs and institutions, and they helped to create a climate of revolution in France.