2. Ostrogothic Kingdom: The Ostrogoths founded their kingdom in Italy in the 5th century. They ruled over much of the Italian Peninsula until they were defeated by the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th century.
3. Frankish Kingdom: The Franks established their kingdom in Gaul (modern-day France) in the 5th century. The Frankish Kingdom expanded greatly under the Carolingian dynasty in the 8th and 9th centuries to become the Carolingian Empire.