Senate: The Senate was a group of wealthy and powerful men who advised the consuls and helped to make laws. The Senate was made up of former consuls and other important figures in Roman society.
Comitia: The Comitia was an assembly of Roman citizens that met to vote on laws and elect magistrates. The Comitia was divided into two groups: the Comitia Centuriata, which was made up of wealthy landowners, and the Comitia Tributa, which was made up of all Roman citizens.
Plebeian Councils: The Plebeian Councils were assemblies of plebeians, or common people. The Plebeian Councils had the power to pass laws and elect magistrates.
Censorship: The censors were two magistrates who were elected every five years to register Roman citizens and to supervise public morals. The censors also had the power to remove senators from the Senate.
Dictatorship: In times of crisis, the Roman Senate could appoint a dictator to rule the Republic with absolute power. The dictator was only allowed to serve for six months, and he was required to resign after his term was over.
Rule of law: The Roman Republic was based on the rule of law, which means that all citizens were subject to the same laws. The laws were made by the Senate and the Comitia, and they were enforced by the consuls.