- Poland's borders: To the east, Poland was compensated for its loss of territory to the Soviet Union with the acquisition of former eastern German territories. the Allies agreed that Poland's eastern borders would mostly follow the Curzon Line, a proposal made in 1920 by British Foreign Secretary George Curzon as a potential border between the Soviet Union and the reborn Poland after World War I. Poland's western borders were set with the Oder-Neisse line, incorporating large areas from Eastern Germany.
- Administration of Poland: The conference agreed to establish a provisional Polish government of national unity, composed of representatives from the London-based Polish Government-in-Exile and Polish communists backed by the Soviet Union, and to hold free and fair elections after the war to determine Poland's final government.
- German Issues:
1) Occupation and denazification: Germany would be divided into four zones of occupation, with the U.S., U.K., France, and the Soviet Union administering their zones. Nazi Germany would be forced to undergo a comprehensive process of denazification, where Nazi laws were repealed, institutions restructured, and prominent Nazi figures removed or prosecuted.
2) Reparations: Germany would be required to pay reparations to the Allies, primarily in the form of industrial equipment and resources, to compensate for the immense destruction and losses caused during the war. The Soviet Union would receive 50% of the reparations, with the remaining 50% divided among the other Allies.
3) Trial of war criminals: The Allies agreed to seek out and prosecute war criminals who had committed atrocities against humanity, and establish international military tribunals for this purpose.
The decisions made at Yalta regarding Poland and Germany significantly influenced the post-war political and territorial boundaries in Eastern Europe and Germany, shaping the continent's geopolitical landscape for decades to come.