* Horse-drawn carriages and omnibuses were the primary modes of transportation.
* The first underground railway line, the Metropolitan Railway, opened in 1863.
Housing:
* The majority of Londoners lived in crowded, unsanitary conditions.
* Overcrowding was particularly severe in the slums, where families often lived in single rooms.
* The death rate in the slums was twice as high as in the rest of the city.
Health:
* The lack of sanitation and overcrowding contributed to the spread of disease.
* Cholera and typhoid fever were common, and tuberculosis was a leading cause of death.
* The average life expectancy in London was just 40 years.
Crime:
* Crime was rampant in London, especially in the slums.
* Pickpockets, muggers, and burglars were common, and violent crimes were not uncommon.
* The police were often overwhelmed by the crime wave.
Pollution:
* The air and water were heavily polluted from industrial emissions and sewage.
* The smog was so thick that it was often difficult to see across the street.
* The pollution contributed to the city's health problems.
Despite the many challenges, London was also a vibrant and exciting city in the mid-1800s.
* The city was a center of commerce and trade, and it attracted people from all over the world.
* London was also a center of culture and learning, with many museums, theaters, and universities.
* The city was also home to a thriving nightlife, with many pubs, clubs, and music halls.
Overall, London life in the mid-1800s was a mix of challenges and opportunities. The city was a fascinating place to live, but it was also a place where poverty, disease, and crime were all too common.