As I mentioned in "A series of events that happened on the Balkan Peninsula", the Ottoman Empire that ruled the Balkan Peninsula Due to the decline of the nationalist movement and the activation of the nationalist movement, regions aiming for the independence movement and countries aiming for the expansion of power after independence are beginning to appear, and it suddenly becomes kinky.
Here Russia And Austria European powder magazine with the speculation of a great power and the turmoil inside the Ottoman government There were two wars on the Balkan Peninsula.
This time, the two Balkan Wars I will summarize about. The camp that broke up in this war remains World War I . I think that you can understand World War I more deeply because you can also get involved in it.
The turmoil of the Ottoman Empire [Young Turk Revolution]
Balkan Wars Just before the Russo-Japanese War, Japan, an emerging nation, defeated the great powers of Europe, accelerating national movements in various parts of Asia, Ottoman Empire However, the movement to break through the old system and create a constitutional nation has begun to appear.
This is the 1908 Young Turk Revolution is.
Young Turk Revolution Then, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire is abdicated and a puppet sultan is established, but the former sultan who should have been abdicated actually continues to hold power and the civil war continues.
In addition, the Young Turk Revolution The change that had the greatest impact on the international situation was
- Bulgaria Became independent in 1908
- Austria Is Bosnia and Herzegovina Merged
These two points.
Serbia located next to Bosnia and Herzegovina It was a situation that should be avoided for Austria, a powerful country, to approach.
And don't forget that Slavs make up the majority of the ethnic composition in Serbia. That part. " Pan-Slavicism " says "Slavic people should be unified!" Because the idea was centered on Russia, the shadow of the great power Russia was flickering behind Serbia.
Among them, the new powers in the Ottoman Empire, influenced by nationalism such as Russia's "Pan-Slavicism", are " Pan-Turkishism . 』Begin to raise the idea.
" Bread-Slavicism In addition to "Pan-Germanism" and "Germanic people (hereinafter abbreviated)", Germany-centered " Pan-Germanism " There is also a nationalist idea such as ”, which contributed to the worsening of the situation at that time.
Balkan League
Meanwhile, Greece , Bulgaria , Serbia , Montenegro Is Russia-led in 1912 Balkan League Is tied.
The Ottoman Empire, a declining but dominant power, is simply unacceptable to the Balkan nations pan-Turkish I couldn't ignore it as long as I said. Italo-Turkish between Italy and the Ottoman Empire at about the same time (← See below) was an outbreak, and it was a unique opportunity.
The Russian side is Austria than the Ottoman Empire. There is a section that emphasized the check of.
Austria "wants to expand its power in the recession" and Russia "wants to get an ice-free port to expand trade". The two countries were in complete conflict with ambitions for the Balkan Peninsula.
Thus Russia took over the alliance of the Balkans in an attempt to break Austria's ambitions.
The outbreak of the Balkan War and the formation of the camp of World War I
Balkan League Italo-Turkish Second Moroccan Incident between Germany and France the year before the alliance was formed It broke out while I wasn't looking at Europe.
Italo War Italy and the Ottoman Empire over Tripoli and later Libya in North Africa In the battle between Young Turk Revolution The direct cause was the increasing pressure on Italians living in Tripoli.
The Balkan League wanted to reduce the influence of the Ottoman Empire during this series of turmoil. .. The fact that the Ottoman Empire was pushed during the Italo-Turkish War gave great hope.
On the other hand, it seems that the great powers have a common understanding that it is not good for the Balkan Peninsula to cause problems, and have warned the Balkan countries that "war is not good". .. ..
First Balkan War (1912-1913)
In the first place, the great powers had different interests in the Balkan Peninsula and the Ottoman Empire. In the end, the war was not stopped, and the Balkan League declared war on the Ottoman Empire in the midst of the Italo-Turkish War . Then the war started.
Even though I was about to lose the war, I can't stand coming to the Balkan League. The Ottoman Empire hurriedly signed a peace treaty with Italy and handed over the suzerainty of Tripoli and Libya to Italy to prepare for the Balkan League, but the invasion did not stop.
This is the First Balkan War is.
With the support of Russia, the tattered Ottoman Empire Balkan League Will be defeated.
Serbia, which was the center of the alliance, advanced to the western sea of the Adriatic Sea. It was in a state of immediate urgency because it was in the direction of Austria's territory and was behind Russia, but the danger of a battle between the great powers was somehow avoided because Britain suppressed Russia and Germany suppressed Austria.
Eventually, the Balkan League succeeded in expanding its territory. .. ..
Second Balkan War (1913)
First Balkan War Later, over the territorial allocation that he had acquired, he broke up within the alliance.
Serbia, Montenegro, Greece Vs. Bulgaria
Split into the above camp. Bulgaria isolated and struggled lonely Bulgaria Has been defeated. In this way Bulgaria lost Macedonia and others.
The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria are frustrated against Serbia and Russia, the centerpiece of the ally that won the series of wars. Especially.
Ottoman Empire / Bulgaria Is World War I In Germany And Austria Participate as an ally It was a big factor in doing so.