In addition to the Jōhei and Tengyo turbulence that occurred in the 10th century, there are events that suggest that the samurai corps was gradually occurring. That is the Toi Invasion in 1019. is.
Tadashi Gonshu (Dazai no Takaie) Fujiwara no Takaie It is said that the samurai of Kyushu were repelled under the command of.
This time, such Toi Invasion I will consider the background.
What is Toi?
Toi Is Goryeo People are mainly Jurchen It is a word that was used to refer to. This word came to be used as it is in Japan, and in 1019 Toi People invaded Tsushima, Iki, and Kitakyushu Toi Invasion I came to call it.
Jurchen around this time Is currently Liao in northeastern China I belonged to the country. It seems that the land was not suitable for grazing because there were many forests, but Jurchen He made a living not only in livelihood but also in farming, hunting, and fishing, so it seems that there was no problem in normal times.
About the country of Liao
Liao Is Khitan A country founded by Manchuria by the tribe Yelü is.
Tang In 907, when it was rough, the eight tribes that made up the Mongolian nomads (=Khitan / Kittan) in northeastern China were unified. It is said that in 916, he entered the Mongolian plateau and named himself the emperor, and the surrounding Jurchen And Göktürk We will also make ethnic groups such as.
Also, in 926, Balhae had a close relationship with Japan. Is also destroyed. After that, on the east side, Goryeo It will be bordered with.
* It seems that Balhae has repeatedly revived and destroyed several times since then, but it is uncertain. The revived Balhae It is said that the time when was destroyed was 1018.
Liao who was trying to expand such power However, it cannot always be a smooth sail.
Liao Sixteen Prefectures of Swallow There is an area called. The location that straddles the northern part of Hebei Province and Shanxi Province, where the current Beijing is located, and the south side of the Great Wall Located in. In fact, this area is rich in good quality iron ore and coal . is. It's easy to think that coal was used in the early modern period, but looking at the history of steelmaking technology in China, coal was already used in the 11th century . I will understand.
In other words, it was a very important place both economically and militarily. This Sixteen Prefectures It was Liao that dominated the key point. Subsequent gold ・ Original It can be said that it became the foundation for the conquest dynasty by different ethnic groups. After all, it was supposed to be a wall made to keep out nomadic people. Dominate the inside of the Great Wall I was doing it.
... I've derailed a little, but anyway, Liao The country dominated the key points. Sixteen Prefectures In 960, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Northern Song Liao twice Attack on Liao Repels this.
However, Liao around this time Then, it seems that the emperor's support led to an internal conflict. It is said that there was a group that tried to incorporate Chinese culture only in the place and a group that tried to protect the unique culture of Khitan. To that end, Northern Song A lull will be maintained between the two countries without chasing down.
Paying for this internal conflict, Liao Is Song It was 1004 that we attacked .. This event triggered between Liao and Northern Song Then Chanyuan Treaty An agreement called (Senen no Mei) is signed.
- Maintaining the status quo of borders
- Sending a large amount of silk and silver from Song to Liao every year
- Song takes the position of brother and Ryo takes the position of younger brother
As a result of this kind of arrangement, Liao Was able to build a huge fortune. And Liao that gained economic power Has been Goryeo since 1010 You will often attack.
Toi Invasion There was 1019 And the year before 1018 Also Goryeo Is Liao Has been invaded by. Jurchen Since he lived in northeastern China, was he involved in this war and spurred piracy, leading to attacks on Tsushima and Kyushu? You can also think of it.
What is the relationship between Liao, Goryeo, and Jurchen? ??
Time goes back a little, but in 926 Balhae Liao And Goryeo .. Originally Balhae It seems that they were in harmony when there was, but Balhae Goryeo asylum of the crown prince when he died The relationship gets worse because the side accepts it.
* Balhae Originally Mohe In the country built by (Matsukatsu), this Mohe Is Jurchen or predecessor It is said that. Trade with neighboring countries Balhae "Trading activities" continue even after several revival and the establishment of a successor country after the disappearance. However, of course, if the country disappears, the trade route will be cut off and there will be no livelihood. Taking this opportunity, Jurchen's piracy activities against Goryeo gradually became active It seems that he did.
Meanwhile, in 960, Song Is the founding country. Goryeo Is that Northern Song Liao by sending an envoy to and forming diplomatic relations with And Goryeo The relationship is even worse. Liao Is Goryeo I will attack.
As a result, Goryeo is in the 6 provinces of Gangdong in exchange for conditions such as tribute and ties with Song. (Currently northwest of North Korea) Get It will be. In addition, there are also Jurchen in these 6 provinces of Koto. Lives in.
Goryeo Is Liao I was calm for a while because I was tributed to Goryeo Liao invades Goryeo in 1009 to correct the injustice when a political change occurs in .. It has been invading frequently since then. It is 1018 and 1019 as well It happened. Goryeo And Liao Jurchen at the forefront of It's not hard to imagine that he would have been involved in the war.
The confusion between the two countries was Toi's invasion while there was originally a basis for piracy. It seems that it led to.