Uttar Pradesh is the beginning of the Gandhi era and the Swarajists,
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Uttar Pradesh beginning of Gandhi era and Swarajist
The beginning of the Gandhi era
By now such a person had arrived in Indian politics who was going to become the messiah of India's independence. In South Africa, this great soul named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi had gained international fame for successfully leading the Rasa with the rights of non-resident Indians. The era of a new direction in Indian nationalism had started with the entry of Gandhi in the freedom struggle of India. Gandhian nationalism was not limited only to the political independence of India, but it also represented a new philosophy of India's economic, religious, cultural, and social revolution. India's political independence was only its first step. Gandhi had woven this philosophy of all round revolution with threads of truth on non-violence. For industrial, political, and religious capitalism, Satyagraha was the only one to reach this point.
Gandhiji had come from South Africa in 1914. The fame of truth, non-violence, that satyagraha had reached India even before his arrival in India. Gandhi started a Satyagraha against the atrocities committed by Gaurav on the farmers of indigo cultivating in Champaran district and against the rent imposed on the famine-stricken farmers of Kheda district of Gujarat.
Gandhi did not wait even for a moment after the government announced the implementation of the recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee in February 1919. Under this law, revolutionary nationalists could be arrested without assigning any reason by prosecuting them for treason and under the Defense of India Act, people could be kept in detention even after the law was abolished. There was no possibility of any appeal in this. Even after the end of the World War, Gandhi announced a nationwide strike and fast from 30 March by establishing Satyagraha meetings against the acceptance of the committee's proposals. Later the day of the strike was changed to 6 April, 19. Gandhi's satyagraha harmony attracted many youth including Jawaharlal Nehru.
The Provincial Conference of the Uttar Pradesh Congress was held in Moradabad on October 1920. Which was presided over by Dr Bhagwan Das. The presence of political figures like Gandhi, Malviya, Motilal, Jawaharlal, Shraddhanand, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Hasrat Mohani made the conference an important convention. In this conference, Gandhi's proposal was accepted and the Nagpur session of December 1920 had turned into a Gandhian convention. Here the resolution of his non-cooperation movement was passed with a majority. A new Congress constitution on which the impact of Gandhi's policies was clearly reflected was accepted at the conference. From here, constructive social works like Khadi, anti-untouchability, drug ban and national education started within the Congress.
For the first time in the history of India and stood together at the call of one person. Students left schools and government servants lost their jobs. For the development of national education like Patna, Ahmedabad and Pune, Vidyapeeth in Banaras and Muslim Vidyapeeth in Aligarh were established. Prominent lawyers like Motilal Nehru, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, Babu Rajendra Prasad, Asad Ali and Rajagopal Chari gave up their practice. Holi of foreign clothes started being burnt and thousands of Satyagrahis were arrested. Apart from Gandhi, all the big leaders of the country were arrested.
The British government could not dare to arrest Gandhi. He gave approval to the provincial committees to start the Satyagraha movement at the local level. In Uttar Pradesh, the farmers of Awadh province, like Bihar and Orissa, agitated against illegal extortion. At the same time, Britain's Prince of Wales started traveling to India. The political conference of the Uttar Pradesh Congress started in Agra in October 1921 under the chairmanship of Maulana Hasrat Mohani. In this conference it was decided to make the boycott of British Shivraj a complete success.
Gandhi postponed the movement for a month at the request of the All-Party Conference of January, 1922, but when the government repression still did not stop, Gandhi decided to start a mass movement in Bardoli, but before the Bardoli movement began. An incident happened at a place called Chori Chora in the state which gave a new twist to the history of freedom struggle.
On February 5, 1922, in Chori Chora, a small town in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh (United Provinces), a group of satyagrahis were on their way to the meeting place to participate in a public meeting to be held in the afternoon, where a group of satyagrahis remained till the evening. There was information about the arrival of the national leader. The Satyagrahis were very excited. The volunteers were buying and selling caps made of Khadi. There was a fight between this group and the policemen after they were abused by the constables of the police station. As soon as the soldiers started killing the satyagrahis of this caste, an angry mob of gathered people surrounded the soldiers. The soldiers immediately started firing, in Gandhiji's words, they (police) had few cartridges, they missed, then they entered the police station for security. The mob then set the police station on fire as per my correspondent information. The constables locked inside the police station then had to come out to save their lives and then they were dismembered and their corpse was thrown into the fire in Lothoda,
The total number of these soldiers was 22. Gandhi was greatly hurt in this accident. He called this incident contrary to his principles and programs and called a meeting of Congress in Bardoli on 12 February and announced to end the agitation immediately. Chittaranjan Das, Lala Lajpat Rai, Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose etc. were all stunned by this decision of Gandhi. Gandhi certainly had the courage to make such a big sacrifice to protect his principle. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Gandhi was arrested. He was tried for treason and sent to jail for 6 years.
Swarajist
Those who had full faith in Gandhi's non-violence and Satyagraha were also compelled to associate with Gandhi from the beginning of the movement, but after the arrest of the dam and the return of the movement, this class sang in 1922. proposed. This proposal was contrary to the declared program of non-cooperation. It was argued under the leadership of Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru that after the withdrawal of the movement, the programs of the movement also ended. Now this class wants to adopt the policy of continuing the struggle from within by re-entering the Legislative Councils. On the contrary, the second class did not want any change in Gandhi's absence in any program of the movement.
Thus Gaya Congress got divided into two parts called change litigants and change opponents. Rajagopalachari and Rajendra Prasad etc. were leading the opponents of change. Chittaranjan Das's proposal fell by 1740 votes against 860. Chittaranjan Das resigned from the post of President and established another party Swaraj Party in Allahabad in 1923 with Motilal Nehru, Vithalbhai Patel, Madan Mohan Malviya and Jayakar within the Congress.
Participated in the election of this party in 1993 and got majority in the province. In Bengal also it got second place, but it could not get a clear majority in the United Provinces and Bengal. He secured 42 out of 101 seats in the Central Legislative Council. The states demanded before the government that all political prisoners should be released, cruel laws should be repealed and the government should be run by councils by giving autonomy to the provinces, for which they had demanded to organize a round table meeting.
Gandhi was released from prison in February on the grounds of health. After his release from jail, he gave his support to the decision of the Swarajists to contest the elections. According to the opponents of change, it was Gandhi's surrender to the socialists. Motilal Nehru became the sole leader of the socialists after the death of Chandra Das on June 16, 1925, but was divided by his differences with Madan Mohan Malviya. Together with Jayakar and Lala Lajpat Rai, a new party was formed by the name of Nationalist Party. In this United Provinces, in the election of 1926, 3 seats were obtained and the Swarajists were completely broken.