Uttar Pradesh Revolution of 1857, up 1857 ki karanti, 1857 ki kranti ki kahani, 1857 ki krnati ke baare mein jankari, 1857 se judi sampurn jankari
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Uttar Pradesh Revolution of 1857
In 1857, exactly 100 years after the establishment of the British rule, the people of northern India made a great revolt against the foreign rule. This rebellion started with the mutiny of the Indian soldiers of the British East India Company. The Company's army was mainly divided into three divisions – Bengal, Bombay and Mudras Sena. Among them the Bengal Army was the largest. In which out of a total of 170,000 soldiers, 140,000 were Indian soldiers. Who were mainly residents of Awadh, Bihar and North West provinces. All of them had come from small landowners or farmer families in their respective villages. Although he used to get satisfactory salary. Yet he was never able to attain the rank of sergeant.
The battle of Plassey in 1857 was to complete one hundred years. On this occasion, there were broken plans to end the British Raj, but no organized plan could be made yet. Some sannyasis and Wahabi agitators were definitely trying to do this. They also had a little influence on the soldiers. For the last few years, there was a general perception that the company government wanted to convert both Hindus and Muslims to Christianity. Due to which an indignation started spreading among the soldiers. In the meantime, the British started using a new type of cartridge for the invented Enfield rifles. There was a belief among the soldiers of both Hindu and Muslim religions that their cartridge shells were made from the fat of pigs and cows, so the use of these acts turned the soldiers' anger into an explosion.
19 foreign troops from Burhanpur, located 120 miles from Kolkata, refused to go to the parade on 26 February 1857 wearing a dagau cap. Strict action was taken against them and immediately after this, on March 21, Mangal Pandey of 34 Foreign Military Cantonment of Barrackpore, located near Kolkata, openly revolted and Mangal Pandey, resident of Uttar Pradesh, opened fire on his Adjutant Lt. Henry Bagh. But he was also hit with a sword. He was hanged in Barrackpore on 7 April itself.
The martyrdom of Mangal Pandey sparked a rebellion in all the military cantonments of North India. On 9 May, all the soldiers of the 60th and 5th military cantonment of Ambal revolted. This was the first such rebellion in which all the soldiers of a cantonment took part. The British overcame this immediately, but after this the rebellion in Meerut proved to be beyond the strength of the British military capability.
The native army of Meerut refused to touch those cartridges in the parade of 24 April. On May 9, the British army took off the uniforms of eighty to eighty-eight soldiers. On the very next day, the fire of rebellion broke out among the soldiers of the entire cantonment. He freed the comrades of his soldiers from prison and killed all the British officers, his wife and children. These soldiers also took control of Delhi on 11 May. These soldiers forced the emperor of Satrangi India, Bahadushah Zafar II, to provide leadership to them. The administration of Delhi was taken over by a committee consisting of six soldiers and four civilians.
The region of Awadh and Bundelkhand was the area most affected by the military rebellion and immediately the peasants started taking part in the rebellion along with the rebel soldiers. The new landlords were driven away or killed. Local government offices were attacked and rent payments were stopped. He also contributed actively in this rebellion in the Doab region of northern India. They had established their governments there after liberating Aligarh, Bareilly, Lucknow, Kanpur and Allahabad. A Rohilla military officer named Khan Bahadur Khan took over the administration of Bareilly. Wahabi, the decade son of Peshwa Bajirao II, had authority over the administration of Kanpur. Along with these cities, the rebellion had also spread to smaller towns like Etawah, Mainpuri, Roorkee, Etah, Mathura, Shahjahanpur, Badaun, Azamgarh, Sitapur, Barabanki, Varanasi, Jhansi, Faizabad, Fatehpur and Hathras.
Meanwhile, the problem of law and order had arisen in Delhi. At this time the need for disciplinary spirit was in the rebel soldiers, the leaders in the rebellion failed to generate it immediately. The rebellion started without any prior preparation, without any theoretical background, revolutionary goals and definite leadership, due to the chaotic situation in Delhi in which no one knew what to do next.
The same problem of discipline arose in Kanpur as well. Here the leadership of the rebellion was handled by Nana Sahib. At this time, about 10,000 soldiers and farmers were fighting against the British in the city. Revolt had started in Lucknow also. About 50,000 citizens were taking part in it. They were led by Begum Hazrat Mahal. Here the rebels laid siege around the residents, in which British soldiers, officers and their families had taken it. British army officers Campbell, General Hawalak, and Vindam continued for a long time trying to crush the rebellion in Kanpur, Lucknow, with all their military ability and efficient leadership. Against all these, only one Tatya Tope was a capable general on the side of the rebels. After six months of continuous efforts and one month long war, the British finally succeeded in recapturing Lucknow.
In May, the British took over Bareilly after Kanpur and Lucknow. After this he proceeded towards Jhansi under the leadership of General Rose. Here he had to face the young Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi. Which was now heroically leading the rebellion. After the defeat of Jhansi, Lakshmibai took control of Gwalior with the help of Tatya Tope. In the battle of Gwalior, Rani Lakshmibai was defeated even after all her might and attained Veergati. After this, in April 1859, Tatya Tope was also caught and hanged.
At the same time, on 1 November 1858, Queen Victoria of Britain took all the rights from the hands of the British East India Company in her manifesto. In the declaration, the Empress also assured to give a general apology to the princes, feudatories and zamindars who pulled out of the rebellion. As a result, the few zamindars and feudatories who were still associated with the rebellion immediately left the rebels. The rebellion had become completely leadershipless in its last phase, so suppressing it was no longer a big task for the British.