1. Centralized Government: Shi Huangdi instituted a centralized government system, abolishing the feudal states and replacing them with provinces and counties directly under the control of the central government. This helped consolidate power and ensure greater control over the empire.
2. Legalism and Strict Laws: He implemented Legalism, a philosophy emphasizing strict laws, order and punishment as means to maintain social and political control. The enforcement of strict laws helped maintain order and deter crime, thus strengthening the empire's stability.
3. Standardized Writing and Currency: Shi Huangdi standardized the written script, which allowed for effective communication across different regions of the empire. Additionally, he introduced a uniform currency, which facilitated trade and economic integration.
4. Infrastructure Projects: He initiated several large-scale infrastructure projects, including the construction of the Great Wall of China and extensive road networks. These projects improved transportation, communication and defense capabilities, further integrating and securing the empire.
5. Suppression of Dissent and Opponents: Shi Huangdi actively suppressed dissent and opposition to his rule, famously burning books and executing scholars who criticized his policies. This created an atmosphere of fear and discouraged challenges to his authority, thereby strengthening his control over the empire.
6. Unified Administrative System: He established a unified administrative system with clear hierarchies, defined responsibilities and strict regulations for officials. This improved efficiency, accountability and coordination within the government.
7. Ideological Control and Imperial Cult: Shi Huangdi promoted the idea of the "mandate of heaven" to justify his rule and the supremacy of the emperor. Additionally, he established an imperial cult, making himself the center of religious devotion and solidifying his authority as the "Son of Heaven."
8. Expansion of Territory: Through military campaigns, Shi Huangdi expanded the territory of China and brought several kingdoms and tribes under his rule, further consolidating the empire's power and influence.
9. Economic Reforms and Trade: He implemented economic reforms, such as reducing taxes, promoting agriculture, and encouraging trade. These measures strengthened the economy and improved the livelihoods of the people, thus increasing the stability of the empire.
Overall, Shi Huangdi's efforts strengthened the empire by establishing a centralized government, implementing strict laws, standardizing writing and currency, undertaking major infrastructural projects, suppressing dissent, creating a unified administrative system, promoting ideological control, expanding territory, and implementing economic reforms. His policies laid the foundation for a unified and powerful Chinese empire that lasted for centuries to come.