The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10, 1775, to October 26, 1781, during and immediately after the American Revolution. It acted as the de facto national government of the United States, issuing currency and regulating trade, and conducted foreign relations.
Formation and Key Actions:
- Assembly: The Second Continental Congress was convened in response to the escalating tensions and conflicts with Great Britain. Delegates from all thirteen colonies attended the congress, with Georgia being the last colony to join.
- Declarations and Actions:
- Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms: This declaration outlined the grievances of the colonists against British policies and justified their decision to take up arms in self-defense.
- Declaration of Independence: The most significant act of the Second Continental Congress was the unanimous approval of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. This document proclaimed the thirteen colonies as free and independent states and severed ties with Great Britain.
- Creation of Continental Army: The congress established the Continental Army, appointing George Washington as its commander-in-chief, to defend the colonies against the British.
- Diplomacy and Foreign Support: The congress engaged in diplomatic efforts to seek support from foreign countries, including France, and obtained crucial financial and military assistance.
- Articles of Confederation: The congress drafted the Articles of Confederation, the first written constitution of the United States. Ratified in 1781, the Articles established a loose confederation of states with limited federal powers.
The Second Continental Congress served as a central governing body during the American Revolution and played a critical role in securing independence from British rule.