Firstly, the Rio Grande Valley is a fertile area with fertile soils and access to water, making it well-suited for agriculture. The Spanish settlers took advantage of these conditions and established farms and orchards in the valley, growing crops such as corn, wheat, and vegetables. In addition, the Rio Grande provided a means of transportation, facilitating trade and commerce between settlements.
Secondly, the presence of rich mineral resources in the surrounding mountains further shaped the economic activities of the Spanish settlers. They discovered extensive deposits of gold, silver, and copper, leading to the establishment of mining settlements and camps.
Lastly, the region's diverse vegetation and wildlife allowed settlers to engage in different economic activities. They hunted and trapped animals for food and fur, providing sustenance and commodities for trade. These resources were especially valued during the early stages of colonisation when supplies from Mexico were limited.