* Ethnic conflict: This is one of the most common causes of civil wars and country divisions as ethnic groups compete for power and resources.
* Religious conflict: This is another common cause of civil war and country division, as religious groups vie for control of territory and resources.
* Economic inequality: This can lead to social unrest and political instability, which can eventually lead to a country dividing.
* Political oppression: This can also cause civil wars and country divisions, as people rise up against oppressive regimes.
* External intervention: This can be a factor in country divisions, as foreign powers may support different factions in a conflict.
* Colonial legacy: Countries that have been colonized may experience divisions along lines drawn by the colonizing power.
- Separatist movements arise when a group of people within a country feel they are distinct from the rest of the population and seek to form their own independent state. This could be based on ethnic, religious, linguistic, or cultural differences.
- Irredentism is the belief that a particular territory rightfully belongs to a country based on historical, cultural, or ethnic ties, and that it should be incorporated into that country's territory.
- Secession is the process by which a region or state withdraws from a larger political unit and establishes its own independent government.
- Civil war can occur when there is a prolonged and violent internal armed conflict between different groups within a country. If the conflict is severe enough and lasts long enough, it could lead to the division of the country.