* Battering ram: A heavy, metal-tipped log suspended from a wooden frame that was used to smash down castle gates.
* Siege tower: A tall, wooden structure that allowed attackers to reach the top of castle walls. Siege towers were often equipped with battering rams and other weapons.
* Trebuchet: A large, catapult-like machine that was used to launch heavy projectiles at castle walls.
* Mangonel: A smaller version of the trebuchet that was used to launch smaller projectiles.
* Ballista: A large, crossbow-like weapon that was used to fire heavy bolts at castle walls.
Other weapons:
* Ladders: Used to scale castle walls.
* Siege ladders: Specially-designed ladders that could be used to bridge gaps between castle walls and siege towers.
* Hooks and grappling irons: Used to pull down castle walls or to gain access to the castle through small openings.
* Fire: Often used to set fire to castle buildings or to smoke out the defenders.
* Poison gas: Sometimes used to incapacitate the defenders.